人际关系中的模糊限制语研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 03:14

本文选题：模糊限制语 + 人际关系　；参考：《天津科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现实物质世界及人类认知中的模糊性催生了自然语言的模糊属性。作为模糊家族中重要的一员,模糊限制语普遍存在于言语交际之中,承担着与精确语言不同的语用功能。恰当的使用模糊限制语可以使表达含蓄间接、自然得体、灵活有效,从而更好地传递出言语主体的思想和情感,构建维系和谐的人际关系,实现预期的交际目标。自美国语义学者Lakoff于1972年首次提出“模糊限制语”这一术语以来,语言学界便从语义学、语用学、语篇分析、社会语言学等视角对其进行了多层面地深入分析探讨,并取得了丰硕的研究成果。然而模糊限制语的功能研究却相较不足,故此本文尝试在功能语言学框架内对人际关系中的模糊限制语进行分析,探究在言语活动中模糊限制语如何实现人际关系。本文基于语境理论、和谐管理模式和评价理论,建构了人际关系中的模糊限制语的分析框架。本文首先给出了模糊限制语的定义,并将模糊限制语分为缓和型和非缓和型。其次,提出了模糊限制语实现人际关系的流程图,将流程图中的“情感”和“情景”因素进行分类,并采用演绎的方法分析来源于社会生活各个层面中的语料。研究发现:(1)在交际活动中,说话者的积极情感可以通过非缓和型模糊限制语的语势升级来实现,消极情感则可通过缓和型模糊限制语的模糊焦点或非缓和型模糊限制语的语势升级、表达认知不确定来实现。在表达消极情感时,基于对言语交际情景及交际双方的角色关系的评估,说话者有时会有意地使用缓和型模糊限制语去遮掩自己的消极情绪以有效地管理人际关系。(2)在正式交际中,非缓和型模糊限制语可用于表示说话者的不确定态度以保证所说话语的真实性,缓和型模糊限制语可减弱说话者的语气,使表达更加得体。在非正式交际中,非缓和型模糊限制语积极打开对话空间,鼓励不同声音的参与,有利于扩大说话者的人际交往,缓和型模糊限制语可用于缓和掩饰说话者的消极语气。在合作型活动中,非缓和型模糊限制语占主导地位,表现说话者对所讨论话题的不确定态度,以给听话者提供尽可能正确的信息,有助于听话者做出正确的判断,促进活动目标的实现,从而增进团结和谐。在冲突型活动中,缓和型模糊限制语可以缓和说话者的语力或者使话语间接,在实现人际关系方面发挥关键作用。本文的主要观点是:语言和社会相互构建。交际中语言的选择既反映静态的社会范畴,又不同程度地含有说话者的主观能动性。本研究将模糊限制语分为缓和型和非缓和型,提出了模糊限制语实现人际关系的分析模式,丰富了模糊限制语的理论研究,在运用模糊限制语建构和谐的人际关系方面也具有一定的积极意义。
[Abstract]:The fuzziness in the real material world and human cognition has given birth to the fuzzy attribute of natural language. As an important member of the fuzzy family, hedges generally exist in verbal communication and play different pragmatic functions than precise languages. The proper use of hedges can make the expression implicit and indirect, natural and appropriate, flexible and effective, thus better transmitting the thoughts and emotions of the speech subject, building harmonious interpersonal relationships and achieving the expected communicative goals. Since Lakoff, an American semantic scholar, first proposed the term "hedges" in 1972, the linguists have studied the term from the perspectives of semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis and sociolinguistics. And has obtained the abundant research result. However, the functional study of hedges is relatively inadequate. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the hedges in interpersonal relationships within the framework of functional linguistics, and to explore how hedges can realize interpersonal relationships in speech activities. Based on context theory, harmonious management model and evaluation theory, this paper constructs an analytical framework of hedges in interpersonal relationships. This paper first gives the definition of hedges, and classifies them into detente and non-detente. Secondly, the flowchart of realizing interpersonal relationship with hedges is presented. The factors of "emotion" and "situation" in the flow chart are classified, and the deductive method is used to analyze the corpus from all levels of social life. The study found that in communicative activities, the positive feelings of the speaker can be realized through the escalation of the language potential of the non-detente hedges. Negative emotion can be realized by the fuzzy focus of moderated hedges or the escalation of the potential of non-detente hedges and the expression of cognitive uncertainty. When expressing negative emotions, the assessment is based on the situation of verbal communication and the role relationship between the two parties. The speaker sometimes deliberately uses moderated hedges to mask his negative emotions in order to manage interpersonal relationships effectively) in formal communication. Non-detente hedges can be used to express the uncertain attitude of the speaker in order to ensure the authenticity of the utterance. The moderated hedges can weaken the tone of the speaker and make the expression more appropriate. In informal communication, non-detente hedges actively open up the dialogue space and encourage the participation of different voices, which helps to expand the interpersonal communication of the speaker. The moderated hedges can be used to ease the negative tone of the speaker. In cooperative activities, non-detente hedges play a dominant role, showing the speaker's uncertain attitude towards the topic under discussion, in order to provide the hearer with as much correct information as possible, which is helpful for the hearer to make the correct judgment. To promote the achievement of the objectives of the activities, thereby enhancing unity and harmony. In conflict activities, moderating hedges can relieve the speaker's verbal power or indirectly, and play a key role in the realization of interpersonal relations. The main point of this paper is: language and society construct each other. The choice of language in communication reflects not only the static social category, but also the subjective initiative of the speaker. In this study, the hedges are divided into two types: mild and non-detente, and the analytical model of interpersonal relationship is proposed, which enriches the theoretical study of hedges. It is also of positive significance in the construction of harmonious interpersonal relations by using hedges.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H030

【参考文献】