三个平面视域下否定副词“不”和“没（有）”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 06:21

本文选题：句法 + 语义　；参考：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“不”和“没(有)”是现代汉语中人们用以表达否定的最常用的两个媒介,它们常常能互相替代,但又各有分工。本文以三个平面理论为指导,基于中小学语文教材(人民教育出版社出版)选文中的相关语料,试从句法、语义、语用三个不同平面对“不”和“没(有)”进行考察。本文认为:在句法层面,“不”和“没(有)”在句式的选择上有很多相同之点,也有一些不同之处。根据它们自身的特点,它们还有各自能够进入的固定格式和特殊格式。在句法分布方面,“不”和“没(有)”都可以用在主语、谓语、定语、状语等各种句法成分中,但“没(有)”一般不用于补语中;在句子中,二者多出现在句首和句中,特殊情况下也能用于句尾;此外,它们还都能够单独成句。语义上,“不”和“没(有)”都可以与动词、形容词、代词共现,但对个体而言又有所差异:“不”主要负责否定无界量,“没(有)”否定有界量。“不”和“没(有)”的否定内容及常规语义丰富多样,既有交叉,又有不同。语义指向方面,在方向性上二者是指后的;在语义范围上,它们所指向的一般都是其后的全部成分,但是在定语中,由于否定副词的加入使定语变得复杂,需要用“的”隔开定语与中心语,所以它们此时指向的是定语中“的”字之前的部分。语用层面上,“不”和“没(有)”可以对过去、现在、将来各个情景中发生的动作行为进行限定。只是“不”用于过去受制约,“没(有)用于将来受限制。在交际中,“不”和“没(有)”都能助推句子实施某一(些)言语行为,还能助推句子实施对话语的修正,或者突出主观效果并触发隐涵,具体使用时又各有特点;用在篇章中的“不”和“没(有)”还具有衔接、连贯的作用;语境和话语重音位置选择的不同,还影响它们所在句的否定焦点,而“不”和“没(有)”所在句的否定焦点不同时,其预设也会有所不同。“不”和“没(有)”功能和用法复杂多样,与人们态度、观点的表达有密切关系,对篇章的理解、构建起着非常重要的作用。能正确地使用否定副词“不”和“没(有)”,对日常生活的表达、交流以及语言信息处理具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:"No" and "no" are the two most commonly used media used to express negation in modern Chinese. They often can be replaced by each other, but each has their own division of labor. This paper, based on the three plane theories, is based on the related corpus in the selected texts of the primary and middle school Chinese textbooks (published by the people's Education Press), and tries from the three differences in syntax, semantics and pragmatics. On the syntactic level, "no" and "no" have many similarities and differences in the choice of sentence patterns. According to their own characteristics, they have fixed and special formats that they can enter. In syntactic distribution, "no" and "no". "No (there)" can be used in a variety of syntactic components, such as subject, predicate, attributive, adverbial and so on, but "no" is generally not used in complements; in sentences, the two are often used in sentences and sentences, and in special cases, they can also be used in sentences. In addition, they can also be single sentences. There are some differences between the pronoun and the pronoun, but there are some differences for the individual: "no" is mainly responsible for denying the unbounded quantity, "no" and denying the bounded quantity. The negative content and the conventional meaning of "no" and "no (") "are rich and diverse, both intersecting and different. In the direction of direction, the two are after the meaning; in the semantic scope, they are In the attributive, however, in the attributive, the addition of the negative adverbs makes the attributive complex and needs to be separated from the attributive and the central language, so they point to the part before the word "the" in the attributive. On the pragmatic level, the "no" and "no" can be used in the past, the present, and the future. The action behavior in a situation is limited. Only "no" is used in the past, "no" is used in the future. In communication, "no" and "no" can help the sentence to carry out a certain speech act, but also help to promote the correction of the sentence, or to highlight the subjective effect and trigger the implicit culvert, when the concrete use is used. Each has its own characteristics; the "no" and "no" in the text have a cohesive and coherent function; the difference in the choice of the context and the position of the accent is also influenced by the negative focus of the sentence, while the negative focus of the "no" and the "no" is different. "No" and "no" function will be different. It is closely related to the expression of people's attitudes and views, and plays an important role in the comprehension and construction of the text. It is of great significance to use the negative adverbs correctly, "no" and "no", to the expression of daily life, communication and the processing of language information.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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