汉语话题回指如何受动词语义关系约束——来自脑电研究的证据

发布时间：2018-06-21 11:03

本文选题：话题 + 回指　；参考：《外语教学与研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：句法结构和词汇语义是影响代词回指的两个重要因素,然而目前有关两者如何互动以最终决定代词解读并不清楚。为了考察话题结构对代词回指的影响如何受动词语义偏向的制约,本研究选用了语义偏向于宾语的动词,并借助于时间分辨率较高的事件相关电位技术(ERPs),对比了话题回指与宾语回指以及主语回指所诱发的脑电信号的变化。结果显示,相对于话题回指,无论是宾语回指还是主语回指均诱发了更大的P600,且即便同为宾语回指,话题结构中的宾语回指也要比非话题结构中的宾语回指引发更大的P600。与此不同,在非话题结构中,宾语回指和主语回指所诱发的P600没有明显差别。这一结果表明,1)相对于话题回指,加工宾语回指和主语回指需要消耗更多的认知资源,表明回指话题是语篇连贯的重要策略;2)汉语中的这种话题优先回指效应并不受动词语义偏向的制约—无论是主语偏向型动词还是宾语偏向型动词,话题均是代词的优先回指对象。此外,汉语中的代词回指出现了P600,并没有出现左前负波(LAN),说明汉语指代关系的认知过程和神经机制有别于印欧语。
[Abstract]:Syntactic structures and lexical semantics are two important factors affecting anaphora of pronouns, but it is not clear how the two interact to determine the final pronoun interpretation. In order to investigate how the influence of topic structure on anaphora of pronouns is restricted by the semantic bias of verbs, the present study selects verbs with semantic bias to objects. With the help of the event-related potential technique with high temporal resolution, the changes of EEG induced by topic anaphora, object anaphora and subject anaphora were compared. The results show that both the object anaphora and the subject anaphora induce a larger P600 than the topic anaphora, and the object anaphora in the topic structure is more P600 than the object anaphora in the non-topic structure, even if the same anaphora is the object anaphora. In contrast, in non-topic structure, there is no significant difference between object anaphora and subject anaphora induced P600. The results show that the processing of object anaphora and subject anaphora needs more cognitive resources than topic anaphora. It shows that anaphora topic is an important strategy for discourse coherence. (2) the preference-anaphora effect in Chinese is not restricted by the semantic bias of verbs, whether it is the subject-biased verb or the object-biased verb. Topics are preemptive anaphora objects of pronouns. In addition, the anaphora of Chinese anaphora appears P600, and there is no left antecedent negative wave, which indicates that the cognitive process and neural mechanism of Chinese anaphora is different from that of Indo-European.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金“汉语焦点信息影响代词回指的行为和脑电研究”(31300929) 南京师范大学百名青年领军人才项目“汉-英违实语义加工的认知和神经机制研究”;南京师范大学“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师项目“信息结构如何影响代词回指”(184080H102177)的支持
【分类号】：H146

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