哈萨克族人普通话词汇等级特征和教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 02:38

本文选题：哈萨克族人 + 词汇　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：调查数据表明,由于生产生活的需要,哈萨克族汉语使用情况在不断扩大,汉语水平也在不断提高,对学习汉语绝大多数持积极认可的态度,希望后代能更好的掌握汉语,如何有效帮助哈萨克族人学习汉语是摆在我们面前的现实问题。本文以新疆哈萨克族人普通话水平测试等级作为研究的切入点和创新点,根据五个普通话等级(二级甲等、二级乙等、三级甲等、三级乙等、不入级)测试者的普通话口语语音资料进行人工听写转换,建立了 25万字的语料库。为了更好地揭示哈萨克族人普通话词汇习得的全貌,本文以语料为基础,对不同普通话等级的哈萨克族人在普通话学习中所掌握的字种、字频,以及名词、动词、形容词、区别词、数词、量词、副词、代词、介词、连词、助词这十一大类词的情况进行了分析研究,对每个等级所表现出来的普通话词汇方面的偏误问题按照词类划分,从造词和用词两大方面进行细致地整理分类和穷尽性地统计分析,然后总结归纳出每个等级的词汇特征,进而提出一些较为有效的词汇教学策略,以期帮助哈萨克族学习者把握普通话词汇方面的重点和难点,从而有效地促进哈萨克族学习者更好地掌握汉语。全文共分为八个部分。第一部分是绪论,主要介绍了研究意义、研究现状、研究理论方法以及语料来源。第二部分是哈萨克族人普通话等级汉字使用情况的分析,对不同普通话水平的哈萨克族人的汉字字种及其字频进行统计研究,考察不同普通话等级的哈萨克族人大纲内汉字以及超纲汉字的实际使用和掌握情况。第三部分将哈萨克族人普通话二级甲等和二级乙等并为一章,第四部分将普通话三级甲等和三级乙等并为一章,第五部分是不入级为一章,这三章内容都是按不同普通话等级划分,章内则按照各等级的十一个词类分别进行偏误分析,而为了均衡整体结构,对章节进行了适当调整,将区别词和形容词合在一起研究,将数词和量词合在一起研究,故每个等级的词汇偏误分析共计九个下位分类。第六部分是根据五个普通话等级的词汇偏误分析,概括提炼出哈萨克族人的词汇等级特征。第七部分是根据哈萨克族人的普通话词汇存在的问题进而提出的一些词汇教学策略。第八部分是结语,对全文研究的内容及结论进行归纳总结。
[Abstract]:The survey data show that, due to the need of production and living, the use of Kazakh Chinese is constantly expanding and the Chinese level is constantly improving. Most of them have a positive attitude towards learning Chinese. They hope that future generations will master Chinese better. How to effectively help Kazakh people to learn Chinese is a real problem in front of us. This paper takes Xinjiang Kazakh Putonghua proficiency Test as the starting point and innovation point, according to five Putonghua levels (Grade A, Grade B, Grade 3A, Grade B, etc.) A corpus of 250000 words was established by manual dictation. In order to better reveal the whole picture of Kazakh Putonghua vocabulary acquisition, this paper, based on the corpus, deals with the types of words, frequency of characters, nouns, verbs and adjectives in the learning of Putonghua of Kazakh people of different Putonghua levels. In this paper, eleven categories of words, such as distinguishing words, numerals, classifiers, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and auxiliary words, are analyzed and studied. From the two aspects of word formation and word use, this paper makes detailed classification and exhaustive statistical analysis, then summarizes the lexical characteristics of each level, and then puts forward some more effective vocabulary teaching strategies. In order to help Kazakh learners grasp the key and difficult aspects of Putonghua vocabulary, it can effectively promote Kazakh learners to master Chinese better. The full text is divided into eight parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research significance, the research present situation, the research theory method and the corpus source. The second part is the analysis of the use of Kazakh mandarin grade Chinese characters, and the statistical study on the Chinese characters and their frequency of Kazakh people with different Putonghua proficiency. This paper investigates the actual use and mastery of Chinese characters in the syllabus of Kazakh people of different Putonghua levels and the Chinese characters of the superclass. In the third part, the Kazakh Putonghua Class A and Grade B are divided into one chapter, the fourth part divides Putonghua Grade 3A and Grade B into one chapter, the fifth part is not graded into one chapter. The contents of the three chapters are divided according to different levels of Putonghua. In the chapter, the errors are analyzed according to the 11 parts of speech of each grade. In order to balance the overall structure, the chapters are appropriately adjusted to combine the distinguishing words and adjectives together. When numerals and quantifiers are studied together, the lexical errors of each level are analyzed in nine lower categories. In the sixth part, according to the analysis of lexical errors in five levels of Putonghua, the author summarizes and abstracts the lexical rank characteristics of Kazakh people. The seventh part is based on the problems of Kazakh Putonghua vocabulary and puts forward some vocabulary teaching strategies. The eighth part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H193

【参考文献】