普通话儿童正反问句习得研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 13:04

本文选题：正反问句 + 非疑问用法　；参考：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究是对汉语普通话儿童习得正反问句的实证研究。正反问句(A-not-A questions)是汉语特有的一种疑问句形式,它包括正反两部分,人们只需要选择其中一部分来进行回答。许多学者认为如果疑问词出现在正反问句的宾语位置,那么疑问词就失去了疑问含义,表示不定指。跟踪调查研究发现儿童习得正反问句晚于其他类型的问句,而目前关于正反问句的实验研究少之又少。本研究包括三个实验。实验一中使用问答任务,模仿任务和诱导产出任务来测试儿童何时习得正反问句。结果表明,从三岁开始,儿童就出现了与成人类似的表现。因此至少从三岁开始,儿童就习得了正反问句。实验二验证儿童是否把正反问句的疑问词视作非疑问用法。实验结果发现从三岁开始,儿童就与成人的表现类似。他们把处于正反问句宾语位置的'什么'视为疑问用法。为了进一步考察儿童是否把正反问句宾语位置的'什么'视为非疑问用法,实验三用问答任务来进行测试儿童,例如,小熊是不是买了什么?实验结果表明尽管儿童和成人不能给出一致的回答,但是他们的确意识到这类测试句是复合句。实验结果证明了受试把正反问句宾语位置的疑问词视作疑问用法而不是非疑问用法。目前的发现表明:从三岁起,儿童习得正反问句并且把处于正反问句宾语位置的疑问词解读为疑问用法。
[Abstract]:This study is an empirical study of Chinese Putonghua children's acquisition of positive and negative questions. Positive and rhetorical question (A-not-A questions) is a unique form of interrogative sentence in Chinese. It consists of positive and negative parts, and people only need to choose one of them to answer. Many scholars believe that if interrogative words appear in the position of object of positive and negative questions, interrogative words lose the meaning of doubt and indicate indeterminacy. A follow-up study shows that children acquire positive and negative questions later than other types of questions, but there are very few experimental studies on positive and negative questions at present. This study includes three experiments. In experiment one, a question-answering task, a mimic task and an induction task were used to test when a child acquires positive rhetorical sentences. The results showed that from the age of three, children showed similar performance as adults. So at least from the age of three, children acquire positive and negative questions. Experiment 2 verifies whether children regard the interrogative words of positive and negative questions as non-interrogative. The results showed that children and adults performed similarly from the age of three. They regard 'what' in the position of object of a positive or negative question as a interrogative usage. In order to further investigate whether children regard the 'what' of the position of the object of the positive and rhetorical question as a non-interrogative use, the third experiment uses a question and answer task to test the child. For example, did the bear buy something? The results show that although children and adults do not give consistent answers, they do realize that such test sentences are compound sentences. The experimental results show that the interrogative words in the position of object in positive and rhetorical questions are regarded as interrogative rather than non-interrogative. Current findings show that children have learned positive and rhetorical sentences from the age of three and interpreted interrogative words in the position of object of positive and rhetorical questions as interrogative usage.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H193.1

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