移位控制理论框架下的现代汉语空主语研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 15:07

本文选题：移位控制理论 + 空主语　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以Hornstein等学者提出的移位控制理论为理论框架对现代汉语的空主语进行了系统分类。移位控制理论是在最简方案的框架下衍生出来的。在之前的管约论中,根据题元准则,深层结构要求名词短语必须在填词和题元分配结束后才能进行移位。而最简方案一个显著的特点就是去除了深层结构,这意味着题元分配和移位可以相互穿插进行。因此移位控制理论认为强制控制空代词实际上是名词移位后留下的语迹。大体来说就是,一个名词短语先在从句主语位置得到一个题元角色,然后进行移位,移到主句主语或宾语位置上得到另一个题元角色,身兼数职;于是原本从句主语位置上就留下了一个语迹,也就是受强制控制的空代词。而非强制控制则属于兜底条款,它本质上是个空代词,只有在名词短语无法移位时才出现。另一方面,由于各种原因,现代汉语空主语从表面上看非常复杂。例如,汉语是允许主语脱落的语言,再例如,汉语的移位比英语移位更灵活等。由于移位控制理论对强制控制本质定位进行了改变,它不再是基础生成的空代词,而是移位后留下的语迹,本文对汉语的空主语重新进行分类,期望拨开云雾见青天,一窥汉语空主语的究竟。本文将现代汉语空主语分为三类,它们在本质上分别为语迹,省略和空代词;并具体阐述了允准语迹,省略和空代词的各种结构。语迹主要出现在“得”字结构,准双宾结构,宾语结构等。省略主要出现在祈使句,对话,流水句等,空代词则出现在主语结构,“得”字结构,补语结构等。不同的空主语,找回它的语义同指所采用的方法也不同。语迹主要通过题元连接解读和强制控制来找到它的语义同指。省略通过借助语境或其他结构来得以还原,空代词则通过非强制控制来获得。在找到语义同指的过程中,本文在现代汉语中发现了典型的后置控制,增强了移位控制理论的说服力,同时发现了独特的复制短语,进一步丰富了移位控制理论。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the theory of shift control proposed by Hornstein and other scholars is used as the theoretical framework to classify the empty subjects in modern Chinese. The theory of shift control is derived from the framework of the simplest scheme. In the previous management reduction theory, the deep structure requires that the noun phrase must be shifted only after the completion of the assignment of the word and the element. A notable feature of the simplest scheme is the removal of the deep structure, which means that the assignment and shift of the problem elements can be intertwined. Therefore, the theory of shift control holds that the compulsory control empty pronoun is actually the trace left after the noun shift. In general, a noun phrase first gets a role in the position of the subject of the clause, then shifts to the position of the subject or the object of the subject, and gets another role in the subject or object. Therefore, the position of the subject of the original clause left a mark, that is, the empty pronouns controlled by force. But the non-compulsory control belongs to the bottom clause, which is essentially an empty pronoun and only appears when the noun phrase can not be shifted. On the other hand, for various reasons, the empty subject in modern Chinese is very complicated on the surface. For example, Chinese is a language that allows the subject to fall off. For example, the shift of Chinese is more flexible than that of English. Because the theory of shift control has changed the essential orientation of compulsory control, it is no longer the empty pronoun generated by the foundation, but the trace left behind after the shift. This paper reclassifies the empty subject in Chinese, hoping to remove the clouds and see the sky. A glimpse of the empty subject in Chinese. In this paper, the empty subject in modern Chinese is divided into three categories, which are, in essence, trace, ellipsis and empty pronoun, and the structures of permitted trace, ellipsis and empty pronoun are expounded in detail. The trace mainly appears in "de" structure, quasi-double object structure, object structure and so on. Ellipsis mainly appears in imperative sentence, dialogue, flowing sentence and so on, while empty pronoun appears in subject structure, word structure of "de", complement structure and so on. Different empty subjects use different methods to retrieve their semantic synonyms. The semantic synonyms of trace are mainly found by reading and compulsorily controlling. Ellipsis is restored by context or other structures, and empty pronouns are obtained by non-coercive control. In the process of finding semantic synonyms, this paper finds typical postcontrol in modern Chinese, strengthens the persuasive power of shift control theory, and finds unique duplicated phrases, which further enriches the shift control theory.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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