汉语心理咨询师的“建议”言语行为的语用探究
发布时间：2018-07-21 10:19
【摘要】：言语行为理论是语用学最重要的理论之一。根据这一理论,人类语言交际最小的单位是“言语行为”,而非句子或语段。“建议”言语行为,作为一种典型的指令性行为,不仅广泛地出现在日常的语言交际中,也常用于正式的机构会话中,例如教学、电视栏目和咨询等等。充分认识和把握“建议”言语行为的实现方式和特征,有利于促进交际双方更好地沟通和交流,避免交际受阻、中断或误解等情况的发生。到目前为止,很多学者站在心理学的角度上对心理咨询理论和咨询技巧方面做过大量研究,但是对于在咨询过程中起到关键作用的“语言”工具却忽略了。这就是为什么对咨询语言方面的研究如此之少。本论文着眼于研究咨询话语中常见的并起着重要作用的“建议”言语行为。本研究是一项基于纯粹的中文语料的实证研究。语料收集于经典的心理咨询书籍、咨询网站和高校真实的咨询案例。论文运用塞尔的言语行为理论,探索了中文建议言语行为的实现方式和类别,咨询师在实施“建议”言语行为时所采用的语用策略,以及建议言语的语用特征。本研究发现,根据“建议”的强度和效力可以将“建议”言语行为归纳为四大类,即教导、劝导、指导和引导。在实施不同的“建议”言语行为时,咨询师也会采取各种不同的语用策略,以满足交际双方的需要。主要有以下三个方面的需要：建立并维持良好的“来访者—咨询师”关系；保护来访者的“面子”；以及增强“建议”的效力。从咨询语言的语用特征看,在词汇的使用上,缓和语气词和情态动词经常被用于缓和“建议”的语气强度以及拉近咨询师和来访者之间的距离。在句式层面看,陈述句是最常出现的句式。这与很多学者惯常所认为的疑问句该是最常使用的句式相反。从语义层面看,说理句是最常出现的。研究表明,中文的“建议”言语行为的类型是多样的。咨询师熟练地掌握各种建议类型及其实现形式和特征,有助于咨询的顺利进行。咨询师所运用的各种语用策略也是多种多样的。有意识的学习并练习使用这些策略,能帮助咨询师应付咨询过程中出现的各种交际需求,并且有助于咨询师得心应手的实施“建议”言语行为。对咨询语言的词汇、句式和语义上的探究也给咨询师在实施“建议”言语行为时提供了参考和方向。综上所述,对于心理咨询语言的研究不仅仅丰富了语言学理论的应用和实践,促进了心理咨询研究的进一步深入,更使语言这一交际工具实现了更大的价值。
[Abstract]:Speech act theory is one of the most important theories in pragmatics. According to this theory, the smallest unit of human language communication is speech act, not sentence or segment. As a typical directive act, "suggested" speech act is not only widely used in daily language communication, but also used in formal organization conversation, such as teaching, TV program, consultation and so on. To fully understand and grasp the ways and characteristics of the realization of the speech act of "suggestion" is helpful to promote better communication and communication between the two parties, and to avoid the occurrence of obstructions, interruptions or misunderstandings. Up to now, many scholars have done a lot of research on psychological counseling theory and consulting skills from the perspective of psychology, but have neglected the "language" tool which plays a key role in the consultation process. This is why there is so little research on consulting languages. This paper focuses on the common and important speech acts of "suggestion" in consulting discourse. This study is an empirical study based on pure Chinese corpus. The corpus is collected in classic psychological counseling books, consulting websites and real counseling cases in colleges and universities. Based on Searle's theory of speech act, this paper explores the ways and types of the implementation of Chinese suggested speech act, the pragmatic strategies adopted by the consultant in the implementation of the "suggested" speech act, and the pragmatic characteristics of the suggested speech. The present study finds that according to the strength and effect of "suggestion", the speech act of "suggestion" can be classified into four categories, namely, teaching, persuasion, guidance and guidance. When implementing different "suggested" speech acts, consultants also adopt different pragmatic strategies to meet the needs of both parties. There are three main needs: to establish and maintain a good "visitor-consultant" relationship, to protect the "face" of the visitor, and to enhance the effectiveness of the "advice". From the perspective of the pragmatic features of the consulting language, in the use of lexical terms, the tenderness and modal verbs are often used to ease the tone intensity of the "suggestion" and to narrow the distance between the consultant and the visitor. At the level of sentence pattern, declarative sentence is the most common sentence pattern. This is contrary to many scholars' usual belief that interrogative sentences are the most commonly used sentence patterns. From the semantic level, rational sentences are the most common. The study shows that the types of Chinese "suggested" speech acts are diverse. The consultant is skillful in mastering the types of advice and the forms and characteristics of their implementation, which is helpful to the smooth progress of the consultation. The various pragmatic strategies used by consultants are also diverse. Consciously learning and practicing using these strategies can help the consultant to cope with the various communication needs that arise during the consultation process, and help the consultant to implement the "recommended" speech act easily. The inquiry into the vocabulary, sentence structure and semantics of the consulting language also provides reference and direction for the consultant to carry out the speech act of "suggestion". To sum up, the study of psychological counseling language not only enriches the application and practice of linguistic theory, promotes the further study of psychological counseling, but also makes language as a communicative tool achieve greater value.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H136
本文编号：2135205
[Abstract]:Speech act theory is one of the most important theories in pragmatics. According to this theory, the smallest unit of human language communication is speech act, not sentence or segment. As a typical directive act, "suggested" speech act is not only widely used in daily language communication, but also used in formal organization conversation, such as teaching, TV program, consultation and so on. To fully understand and grasp the ways and characteristics of the realization of the speech act of "suggestion" is helpful to promote better communication and communication between the two parties, and to avoid the occurrence of obstructions, interruptions or misunderstandings. Up to now, many scholars have done a lot of research on psychological counseling theory and consulting skills from the perspective of psychology, but have neglected the "language" tool which plays a key role in the consultation process. This is why there is so little research on consulting languages. This paper focuses on the common and important speech acts of "suggestion" in consulting discourse. This study is an empirical study based on pure Chinese corpus. The corpus is collected in classic psychological counseling books, consulting websites and real counseling cases in colleges and universities. Based on Searle's theory of speech act, this paper explores the ways and types of the implementation of Chinese suggested speech act, the pragmatic strategies adopted by the consultant in the implementation of the "suggested" speech act, and the pragmatic characteristics of the suggested speech. The present study finds that according to the strength and effect of "suggestion", the speech act of "suggestion" can be classified into four categories, namely, teaching, persuasion, guidance and guidance. When implementing different "suggested" speech acts, consultants also adopt different pragmatic strategies to meet the needs of both parties. There are three main needs: to establish and maintain a good "visitor-consultant" relationship, to protect the "face" of the visitor, and to enhance the effectiveness of the "advice". From the perspective of the pragmatic features of the consulting language, in the use of lexical terms, the tenderness and modal verbs are often used to ease the tone intensity of the "suggestion" and to narrow the distance between the consultant and the visitor. At the level of sentence pattern, declarative sentence is the most common sentence pattern. This is contrary to many scholars' usual belief that interrogative sentences are the most commonly used sentence patterns. From the semantic level, rational sentences are the most common. The study shows that the types of Chinese "suggested" speech acts are diverse. The consultant is skillful in mastering the types of advice and the forms and characteristics of their implementation, which is helpful to the smooth progress of the consultation. The various pragmatic strategies used by consultants are also diverse. Consciously learning and practicing using these strategies can help the consultant to cope with the various communication needs that arise during the consultation process, and help the consultant to implement the "recommended" speech act easily. The inquiry into the vocabulary, sentence structure and semantics of the consulting language also provides reference and direction for the consultant to carry out the speech act of "suggestion". To sum up, the study of psychological counseling language not only enriches the application and practice of linguistic theory, promotes the further study of psychological counseling, but also makes language as a communicative tool achieve greater value.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H136
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