有效测试、有效教学、有效使用

发布时间：2018-08-06 11:21

【摘要】：中国是考试大国,各种考试难计其数。但是,人们对考试的现状并不满意,因此对"测试反拨作用"、"测试后效"的讨论成为人们关注的话题;但在讨论中也存在一种泛化的倾向。无疑,正面反拨作用和正面后效是一项好的考试的必要条件。语言测试工作者在设计一个考试项目时必须力求做到考试能够正确地引导教学,并且能够对社会产生良好的后效。同时应当清醒地看到,考试的作用实际上是有限的,考试即使能够对教学产生正面反拨作用,也是一种长效作用;另一方面,考试是在一定的社会环境中进行的。所谓后效,只有当考试结果被实际使用以后才会发生,而考试结果的使用本身是一种社会性决策,不是单纯的测试学术问题,并不在语言测试工作者能够控制的范围之内。因此必须全面看待考试、教学和考试结果的使用三者之间的关系。事实上考试有好坏之分,教学也有好坏之分,考试结果的使用还有正确与否、恰当与否的区别,不能一概而论。这里有学术问题,有社会问题;有测试问题,有教学问题;有测试的内容问题,有测试的形式问题;纠结在一起,需要擘肌分理,一一澄清,否则无法得出正确的结论。笔者认为,考试、教学和考试结果的使用,三者构成一个系统,要发挥系统的作用,三者必须协调。实际上三者是不同的过程,虽然密切相关,但毕竟不是同一回事,应当区分开来,各司其职、各尽其责。只有各方正确处理好各自的关系,做到有效测试、有效教学、有效使用,才有可能找到正确的解决之道,取得整个系统的最佳效果。
[Abstract]:China is a big country in examinations, and it is difficult to count them in all kinds of examinations. However, people are not satisfied with the present situation of the test, so the discussion of "test backwash" and "test after-effect" has become a topic of concern, but there is also a tendency to generalize in the discussion. There is no doubt that positive backwash and positive after-effects are a necessary condition for a good test. When designing an examination item, the language tester must make every effort to guide the teaching correctly and produce good after-effects to the society. At the same time, we should soberly see that the function of examination is actually limited, even if it can produce positive backwash effect on teaching, it is also a long-term effect; on the other hand, the examination is carried out in a certain social environment. The so-called after-effects can only occur when the test results are actually used, and the use of the test results is a kind of social decision, not a simple academic problem of testing, and it is not within the scope of language testing workers' control. Therefore, the relationship among examination, teaching and the use of test results must be viewed comprehensively. As a matter of fact, there are good and bad grades in the examination, and there are also differences in the use of the test results and the appropriateness or otherwise. There are academic problems, there are social problems, there are test problems, there are problems in teaching, there are problems in the content of tests, there are problems in the form of tests, and entanglement, it needs to be analyzed separately and clarified one by one, otherwise it is impossible to draw a correct conclusion. The author thinks that examination, teaching and the use of test results constitute a system, which must be coordinated if it is to play a systematic role. In fact, the three are different processes. Although they are closely related, they are not the same thing after all. Only when all parties deal with their relations correctly, can they find the correct solution and obtain the best effect of the whole system by means of effective testing, effective teaching and effective use.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学外国语学院;
【分类号】：H09

【共引文献】