《杨澜访谈录》中闪避回答的语用研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 15:08

【摘要】：作为一种常用的语言交际策略,闪避早在20世纪中叶就引起了语言学家的关注;而到了20世纪末,中国学者也开始给予关注。但文献研究发现,前人对闪避的研究大都局限于政治或新闻类访谈,即便有针对非政治访谈语料的研究,也鲜有人将某个访谈节目作为个案来研究。考虑到这些因素,本文选择《杨澜访谈录》作为语料来源来研究该访谈中嘉宾所采取的闪避回答。《杨澜访谈录》是国内第一个高端电视访谈节目,自2001年开播以来,受到广大观众的喜爱。节目中,主持人杨澜邀请来自世界各地、不同领域的精英,就他们的人生经历或当前热点问题进行访谈。与其他经济类或政治类高端访谈不同,《杨澜访谈录》不拘泥于某类话题,其访谈内容涵盖生活、教育、艺术、政治、经济等多方面;访谈语言表达形式丰富多样,具有较高的研究价值。本文从腾讯视频和爱奇异网站上下载了《杨澜访谈录》2010年至2016年的所有影像资料,从中筛选出41期全英访谈(如附录所列),并将之转写成522组毗邻对,继而标记出130个闪避回答,作为本次研究的语料库。在Verschueren的语言顺应理论的基础上,结合Brown和Levison的面子理论及Bavelas的回避—回避冲突理论,本文建立了研究闪避策略的理论框架,力图回答以下三个问题:(1)《杨澜访谈录》中受访者使用了那些策略来实现闪避?(2)受访者采用闪避回答的动机有哪些?(3)访谈中闪避的使用达到了怎样的语用效果?通过对语料的定量和定性分析,本研究有如下发现:(1)闪避的实现策略方面。本文采用Galasinski的分类标准,把访谈中的闪避分为明示闪避和暗含闪避。通过对语料的定量分析,以数据形式从整体上呈现出两种闪避的出现次数并计算出频率。数据分析显示,《杨澜访谈录》中被访者所采用的闪避回答均为隐性闪避,也就是不直接表明拒绝回答杨澜提出的问题。本文将访谈中的闪避回答视作受访者对问题或者回答的巧妙处理;通过对语料的深入分析,总结出访谈中受访者采用的五种闪避策略,分别是:转移问题重心、取消问题中的预设、巧妙处理问题中的关键字、攻击问题、提供解释。其中,前四个类属于受访者对杨澜提出的问题的巧妙处理,而最后一个则是受访者对其给出的回答进行语言加工。(2)受访者使用闪避回答的动机方面。在本文中,受访者对语境关系的顺应被视为其采用闪避回答的主要动机。通过对社会世界、心理世界和物理世界三个层面的分析,总结得出七种促使受访者采用闪避策略的因素:首先是对社会世界的顺应,包括对受访者社会地位、社会背景以及社会规约的顺应;其次是对心理世界的顺应,包括对受访者动机、个性特征及内心回避—回避冲突的顺应;最后是对物理世界的顺应,主要指对访谈环境的顺应。(3)闪避的语用效果方面。本研究从四个方面深入探讨了闪避在访谈中的语用效果,即保护个人面子,掩饰秘密信息,维护与第三方的人际关系以及使自己责任最小化等。总的来说,本文从闪避的实现策略、受访者使用闪避的动机及闪避带来的语用效果等三个方面对《杨澜访谈录》中受访者所采用的闪避回答进行了全面分析,旨在达到以下研究目的:一方面,本文力图在理论框架和研究语料上弥补现存研究的不足;另一方面,通过对《杨澜访谈录》中闪避回答的语用研究,本文旨在让读者能够更直观地了解闪避的本质,以便能在日常交流中识别并有效运用这一策略,提高交际能力。
[Abstract]:As a common communicative strategy, avoidance attracted linguists'attention as early as the mid-20th century, and by the end of the 20th century, Chinese scholars began to pay attention to it. Considering these factors, this paper chooses "Yang Lan Interview Record" as a corpus to study the evasive responses taken by the interviewees in the interview. Lan invited elites from all over the world from different fields to interview their life experiences or current hot issues. Unlike other high-end economic or political interviews, is not confined to a certain type of topic. It covers a wide range of topics such as life, education, art, politics, economy and so on. This paper downloads all the images from Tencent videos and Aichi website from 2010 to 2016. 41 interviews (as listed in the appendix) are selected and transcribed into 522 adjacent pairs, and 130 evasive answers are marked as the corpus of this study. On the basis of Hueren's theory of linguistic adaptation, combining Brown's and Levison's face theory with Bavelas'theory of avoidance-avoidance conflict, this paper establishes a theoretical framework for the study of avoidance strategies and tries to answer the following three questions: (1) What strategies did the interviewees use to avoid? (2) What strategies did the interviewees use to avoid answering? What are the motivations? (3) What are the pragmatic effects of the use of evasion in interviews? Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the corpus, this study finds the following: (1) the implementation strategies of evasion. Data analysis shows that the evasive answers used by the interviewees in the interview are all implicit evasive, that is, they do not directly indicate that they refuse to answer the questions raised by Yang Lan. This paper regards the evasive answers in the interview as the answers or questions of the interviewees. Through the in-depth analysis of the corpus, this paper summarizes five evasive strategies adopted by the interviewees, namely, shifting the focus of the problem, canceling the presupposition in the problem, skillfully handling the keywords in the problem, attacking the problem and providing explanations. In this paper, the respondents'adaptation to contextual relations is regarded as the main motivation for avoidance. Through the analysis of social world, psychological world and physical world, seven kinds of motivation are concluded. The factors of avoidance strategy adopted by interviewers are: first, the adaptation to the social world, including the respondents'social status, social background and social conventions; second, the adaptation to the psychological world, including the respondents' motivation, personality characteristics and the adaptation to the inner avoidance-avoidance conflict; and finally, the adaptation to the physical world, mainly referring to the interview. On the adaptation of the environment. (3) The pragmatic effects of avoidance. This study explores the pragmatic effects of avoidance in interviews from four aspects: protecting personal face, hiding secret information, maintaining interpersonal relationships with third parties and minimizing their responsibilities. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the evasive answers adopted by the interviewees in the interview with Yang Lan from three aspects, namely motivation and pragmatic effects. The purpose of this study is to achieve the following objectives: on the one hand, this paper tries to make up for the shortcomings of the existing research in the theoretical framework and research corpus; on the other hand, it evades the answers in the interview with Yang Lan. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a more intuitive understanding of the nature of avoidance so that they can identify and effectively use this strategy in daily communication and improve their communicative competence.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

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