习语性程度补语程度义的来源、成因及多维考察

发布时间：2018-08-18 16:46

【摘要】：本文选取了四组典型或非典型的程度补语进行研究,分别是“无可无不可”、“不要不要的”、“不得了”和“了不得”、“要死”和“要命”,在前人研究的基础上,结合语法化、词汇化、主观化等理论,从历时与共时两个角度,着重分析了程度义的获得过程。因此,总结了习语性程度补语程度义的四条获得路径:从条件到程度、从否定到程度、从能性到程度、从终点到程度。全文主要包括以下几个部分。一、绪论。确定研究对象和范围;简述国内外研究现状;阐述本文的创新之处及研究意义;对本文的语料来源和理论方法做出简要介绍。二、由条件到程度——以“无可无不可”为例。本文从句法位置的历时演变及词义演变对“无可无不可”语法化的问题做出详细分析。在对“无可无不可”的用法做出描写的基础上,对“无可无不可”的发展及“语法化”过程做出详细刻画。本文认为,“无可无不可”具有程度义,这是从量度意义获得的。关于[+量]的获得,它经历了两个时期:一、从“无程度”到“隐程度”;二、从“隐程度”到“显程度”。三、由否定到程度——以“不要不要的”为例。“不要不要的”作为一个现代汉语新兴出现的程度补语,其呈现出不规范性、非普及性、语体限制性等特点。本章节对“不要不要的”的句法功能进行详细描写,其语用功能具有褒义性、活泼性、极致性及附加性的特点。程度补语“不要不要的”则是从“不要动”发展而来,句法位置及词义的变化,带来了否定义的磨损、消失,最终具有了表示“非常、十分”的程度义。四、由能性到程度——以“不得了”、“了不得”为例。“不得了”、“了不得”是两个新兴的程度补语。在现代汉语中,“不得了”了不得”的用法存在很多相似性。文章中对它们是如何获得程度义、如何演变为程度补语等问题给出充分的描述和解释。此外,对程度补语“不得了”“了不得”使用情况作出区分:当主观性强于客观性时,倾向使用程度补语“不得了”;当客观性强于主观性时,倾向使用程度补语“了不得”。当主观性与客观性相当时,二者可互换。五、由终点到程度——以“要死”、“要命”为例。“要死”、“要命”的程度义获得经历了词汇化和语法化的过程。“要死”连用早在先秦时已出现,程度补语“要死”是由连谓结构发展而来;“要命”连用情况出现时期较晚,最早于明末时出现,为动宾结构。本文认为,程度的量化差异是程度补语“要死/要命”显著的区别,当说话人要强调程度很深时,则会优先使用程度补语“要死”,且二者不可互换。当不用于强调程度时,二者可以互换。并且,二者程度量的差异,表现为这两个方面:一、主观与客观;二、程度的递增与提升。六、结论:总结了程度补语程度义的获得路径。由条件到程度;由否定到程度;由能性到程度;由终点到程度。此外,语法化、词汇化的促发动因,包括语义虚化、句法位置的改变、使用频率的提高和网络媒体的影响。
[Abstract]:This paper chooses four groups of typical or atypical degree complements to study, which are "indispensable", "do not want", "can not" and "great", "to die" and "to die". On the basis of previous studies, combined with grammaticalization, lexicalization, subjectivism and other theories, it focuses on the analysis from diachronic and synchronic perspectives. Therefore, this paper summarizes four approaches to acquire the degree meaning of idiomatic degree complement: from condition to degree, from negation to degree, from ability to degree, from end to degree. Secondly, from the condition to the degree - Taking "indispensable" as an example. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the grammaticalization of "indispensable" from the persistent evolution of syntactic position and the evolution of word meaning. On the basis of this, the development of "indispensable" and the process of "grammaticalization" are described in detail. This paper holds that "indispensable" has a degree of meaning, which is obtained from the measurement of meaning. Thirdly, from negation to degree-taking "do not want" as an example. "do not want" as a newly emerging degree complement in modern Chinese, it presents non-standard, non-universal, stylistic restrictions and other characteristics. This chapter describes the syntactic function of "do not want" in detail, its pragmatic function is commendatory, lively. The degree complement "do not want" develops from "do not move". The change of syntactic position and word meaning brings about the wear and tear of negative meaning and disappears. Finally, it has the degree meaning of "very, very". Fourth, from initiative to degree - take "no" and "no". In modern Chinese, there are many similarities in the usage of "awesome" and "awesome". When subjectivity is stronger than objectivity, it tends to use degree complement "not good"; when objectivity is stronger than subjectivity, it tends to use degree complement "not good". When subjectivity and objectivity are equal, the two can be exchanged. 5, from the end point to the degree - take "to die" and "to die" for example. The acquisition of the meaning of degree has gone through the process of Lexicalization and grammaticalization.The use of "to die" has appeared as early as the pre-Qin Dynasty,and the degree complement "to die" is developed from the conjunction structure.The occurrence of the situation of "to die" is relatively late,first appeared in the late Ming Dynasty,and is the verb-object structure.This paper holds that the quantitative difference of degree is the degree complement "to die". The significant difference between death and fatality is that when the speaker wants to emphasize the degree very deeply, the degree complement "to die" will be preferred and the two are not interchangeable. When not used to emphasize the degree, the two can be interchanged. Moreover, the difference between the degree of the two is manifested in two aspects: first, subjective and objective; second, the degree of increasing and upgrading. In addition, the motivation of grammaticalization and lexicalization, including semantic grammaticalization, the change of syntactic position, the increase of frequency of use and the influence of network media, is also discussed.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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