现代汉语“X也是X”构式研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 06:20

【摘要】：“X也是X”是现代汉语中常用的一个口语构式,常常用来表示否定性的评价义,为说话人的心理倾向提供理由或借口。本文立足汉语语言事实,运用构式语法理论和三个平面语法理论,结合认知语言学的相关理论对“X也是X”构式进行了全面系统的研究。“X也是X”的变项“X”主要有两种形式“V着”和“V 了”,据此可以分为A类“V着也是V着”和B类“V 了也是V 了”两个小类。该构式变项的选择限制比较多,所以能产性不是很高,但是部分构式的使用频率很高,因此不能否定该构式的重要性。句法上,“X也是X”构式不仅可以充当句法成分、复句分句,还可以单独成句和连用。语义上,根据“较大结构”分析法,发现“X也是X”表示的是否定评价义,A类的构式义为“否定人或物所处状态的价值或意义”,B类的构式义为“否定某种结果的价值和意义”。B类的“V 了”和A类的“V着”存在着结果和事件的转喻关系,B类可以看作A类的特殊变式。“X也是X”与构件之间存在着互动关系,一方面该构式对构件具有选择压制作用,另一方面构件对构式也有重要的影响。另外,“ X也是X”常常有一个后续句,与后续句之间存在着两种语义联系:因果、选择。语用特点上,“X也是X”表达的是一种随意性的话语语气,主要应用于对话语境和拟对话语境。为了遵守礼貌原则,而故意违反会话合作原则,以委婉含蓄地方式传达会话含义。来源上,根据形式、语义联系和还原性,发现“X也是X”来源于表假设关系的“X也是Y”。其生成机制为类推糅合机制,形成动因主要为经济性原则、趋新求异心理以及宽松的社会文化环境和已有的语言资源。最后,文章将“X也是X”与相关形式进行了比较。从句法、语义、语用三个方面揭示了 “X也是X”与“X是X”的异同。同时,也分析了 “X也是X”与“X也是Y”的区别,且总结了两者不可替换的条件。
[Abstract]:"X is X" is a common spoken sentence in modern Chinese, which is often used to express the negative meaning of evaluation and to provide reasons or excuses for the psychological tendency of the speaker. Based on the facts of Chinese language, this paper applies the theory of construction grammar and three plane grammar theories. Combined with the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the construction of "X is X". The variant "X" of "X is X" has two main forms "V Zhe" and "V Zhe". According to this, it can be divided into two subcategories: category A, "V also V" and Class B, "V and V". There are many restrictions on the selection of the construction variable, so the productivity is not very high, but the use frequency of the partial construction is very high, so the importance of the construction can not be denied. Syntactically, "X is X" can not only serve as syntactic component, complex clause, but also can be used separately. Semantically, according to the "larger structure" analysis, It is found that "X is X" means that the constructive meaning of negative evaluation of meaning A is "negating the value or meaning of the state in which people or things are located". The construction meaning of category B is "V" and "V" of category B "negating the value and meaning of a certain result". There is a metonymy relationship between the result and the event in "V zhe" of Class A. Class B can be regarded as a special variant of Class A. "X is also X" and there is an interactive relationship between "X" and components. On the one hand, the structure has a selective suppression effect on the component, on the other hand, the component also has an important influence on the construction. In addition, "X is X" often has a successor sentence, and there are two semantic relations between them: causality, choice. In pragmatic features, "X is X" expresses a kind of arbitrary discourse mood, which is mainly used in the context of dialogue and the context of quasi-dialogue. In order to observe the politeness principle and deliberately violate the conversational cooperation principle, it conveys conversational implicature tacitly and implicitly. From the source, according to the form, semantic connection and reducibility, it is found that "X is X" from the "X is Y" of the hypothetical relation of the table. The formation mechanism is the analogy blending mechanism, which is mainly driven by the economic principle, the psychology of seeking for differences, the relaxed social and cultural environment and the existing language resources. Finally, the article compares "X is X" with related forms. The similarities and differences between "X is X" and "X is X" are revealed from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects. At the same time, the difference between "X is X" and "X is Y" is analyzed, and the irreplaceable conditions are summarized.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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