汉语史研究的对象和材料问题——兼与刁晏斌先生商榷

发布时间：2018-11-08 13:02

【摘要】：汉语史研究的对象是汉语口语发展史。"口语"相当于"谈话体"。汉语口语史是一以贯之的,先秦的文言和唐宋以后的白话,其基础都是当时的口语。东汉到隋时期口语性材料比较贫乏,从上古的"文言"式口语到唐以后的"白话"式口语,中间好像发生了断崖式的突变。事实不可能如此。其间的渐变过程,正是发生在约六百年的中古汉语阶段,只是由于口语文献不足,这种渐变性目前还是若隐若现,看不真切。汉语史研究应该依据口语性语料。古代文献的情况很复杂,就口语性而言,可以大别为两类:1)比较贴近口语的。这在历史文献中大量存在,是研究口语史的基本依据。2)文白夹杂的。这可以通过一定的方法将其中的口语成分剥离出来。目前普遍存在对语料不加分析导致结论不符合实际的问题,是违背研究口语史的宗旨的,亟须纠正。
[Abstract]:The object of the study of Chinese history is the history of oral Chinese. The history of oral Chinese is consistent. The classical Chinese of the pre-Qin Dynasty and the vernacular language after the Tang and Song dynasties are both based on the spoken Chinese at that time. The oral materials from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty are relatively poor. From the ancient "classical Chinese" to the "vernacular" after the Tang Dynasty, there seems to be a precipitous mutation in the middle. This cannot be the case. The process of gradual change occurred in the middle ancient Chinese stage of about 600 years, but due to the lack of oral literature, this gradual change is still hidden and unreal. The study of Chinese history should be based on spoken materials. The situation of ancient literature is very complex, in terms of oral nature, can be divided into two categories: 1) more close to spoken. This exists in a large number of historical documents, is the basic basis for the study of oral history. This can be done in a certain way to peel out the spoken elements. At present, it is common that the conclusion is not in line with the reality, which is contrary to the purpose of studying the history of oral English, and needs to be rectified.
【作者单位】：浙江大学中文系暨汉语史研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB093) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD740015)
【分类号】：H109.2

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