进城老年人普通话使用状况的实证调查

发布时间：2018-11-18 17:38

【摘要】：随着国家生产力的发展和综合国力的增强,我国城市化进程水平也逐渐进入一个现代化水准。城市化发展决定人口迁移的整体动向,最明显的是城市人口的自然增加,农业人口向城镇人口的身份转变,以及大城市中外来人口的迁入。城市化带来的首先是城市人口的增加,随着时间的推移,伴随人口迁移带来的,是城市人口老龄化。加快发展的人口老龄化所形成的老年人进城的社会迁移现象,给城市呈现了一片“银色浪潮”的社会景观,并扩大成为城市发展进程中特别需要关注的一个社会群体——进城老年人。作为城市的个体部分,每个人或多或少地都会参与社会活动和人际交流。进而,为了适应城市新的工作环境、新的生活,他们在完成包括生活方式、思想观念、社会心理等多方面的再社会化之外,还须在语言上做出调整,主要是对民族共同语——普通话的学习和使用,以期在语言方面恰当地融入新的社交生活环境。因此,在城市化发展的相关问题的研究中,实际上也包括了进城老年人的语言问题。本文通过对城市化进程和人口老龄化社会现象的观察和思考,结合社会语言学言语社区等理论,以及运用城市语言调查方法,探讨二者对进城老年人语言使用状况的影响,并列举常见社会变项对进城老年人普通话状况的影响及表现的差异性。本文主要包括以下几个章节:第一章是绪论部分,包括对进城老年人的定义,相关社会语言学和城市语言生活研究的综述与本文写作的理论基础,课题来源与选题意义,以及本文关于调查问卷设计和实际调查方面的相关信息。第二章是对进城老年人语言认同的调查研究,主要通过对老年人语言态度、语言期望的调查,并分析影响进城老年人语言态度的社会因素。第三章是关于进城老年人语言使用基本情况的客观描述,包括进城前后的普通话水平变化,言语交际时的语言转码问题,交际策略变更中的称谓用语问题,语言使用的共时差异分析。该章节是本文重点探讨的部分。第四章是对进城老年人普通话学习情况调查,包括老年人学习普通话的方法以及对自身普通话培训的态度。最后是本文的结论和不足之处。第一,对进城老年人的语言状况做一个基本总结,并在不同层面给进城老年人语言服务、语言政策和城市语言规划提出几点思考和建议。第二,关于本文的优势和局限,不足之处主要是调查点选取的局限,历时比较的缺乏。
[Abstract]:With the development of national productive forces and the enhancement of comprehensive national strength, the level of urbanization in China has gradually entered a modernized level. The development of urbanization determines the overall trend of population migration, the most obvious is the natural increase of urban population, the transformation of the status of agricultural population to urban population, and the migration of foreign population in large cities. Urbanization brings first the increase of urban population, and with the passage of time, the aging of urban population comes along with the migration of population. The phenomenon of social migration of the elderly into the city formed by the accelerated development of the aging population presents a "silver wave" of social landscape to the city. And expand into a social group that needs special attention in the process of urban development-the elderly in cities. As an individual part of the city, everyone is more or less involved in social activities and interpersonal communication. Furthermore, in order to adapt to the new working environment and new life in the city, they must adjust their language in addition to completing the re-socialization of life style, ideas, social psychology and so on. The main purpose is to learn and use Putonghua, a common language, in order to fit into the new social environment. Therefore, in the study of urbanization, the language of the elderly in cities is actually included. By observing and pondering on the process of urbanization and the social phenomenon of aging population, combining with the theory of sociolinguistic speech community and using the method of urban language investigation, this paper probes into the influence of the two on the language use of the elderly in cities. The influence of common social variables on the mandarin status of the elderly in cities and the differences in their performance were also listed. This paper mainly includes the following chapters: the first chapter is the introduction, including the definition of the elderly in cities, the summary of sociolinguistics and urban language life research, the theoretical basis of this writing, the source of the topic and the significance of the topic. And the relevant information about questionnaire design and actual investigation in this paper. The second chapter is a survey of the linguistic identity of the elderly in cities, mainly through the investigation of the language attitude and language expectation of the elderly, and the social factors that affect the linguistic attitude of the elderly in cities. The third chapter is an objective description of the basic situation of language use of the elderly in cities, including the changes in the level of Putonghua before and after entering the city, the problem of language transcoding in verbal communication, and the problem of appellations in the change of communication strategies. Analysis of synchronic differences in language use. This chapter is the key part of this paper. The fourth chapter is a survey on the learning of mandarin among the elderly in cities, including the methods of learning Putonghua and their attitude to training their own Putonghua. The last part is the conclusion and deficiency of this paper. First, it makes a basic summary of the language status of the elderly in cities, and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the language services, language policies and urban language planning for the elderly in cities. Secondly, about the advantages and limitations of this paper, the shortcomings are mainly the limitations of the selection of investigation points and the lack of diachronic comparison.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

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