会意字构形演变研究

发布时间：2019-01-18 18:54

【摘要】：会意字是汉字表意性质的集中反映,历代研究者众。随着汉字系统各阶段的演变,会意字作为其中的特殊一脉,其构形与构意也在不断变化,呈现出不同的特征。全文共分四章:第一章介绍本文选题依据,对会意字构形问题的研究情况进行简单论述。目前的研究多集中于会意字的共时描写和会意理据的探讨,对历时构形系统的演变鲜有完整提及,且存在选材不固定、概念混乱等问题。本文将针对这些问题加以补充。最后介绍了本文的研究方法、研究意义。第二章是对本文的研究材料的选取。通过对目前已有研究成果中出现的会意字字表的穷尽式搜索和整理,参考工具书和相关学者论述,筛选出229个典型甲骨文会意字作为本文研究的起点材料。根据被收录的频率高低将这批会意字分为高频会意字、中频会意字和低频会意字,逐一罗列并分析其特点。第三章从历时角度出发,描写这批典型甲骨文会意字在甲骨文、小篆、隶楷、现代通用汉字阶段的构形情况。首先按照有理拆分的原则拆解出会意字构件,然后考察构件的数量及功能变化、构件平面组合或层次组合的比例。根据“结构——功能”的方法得出会意字在各历时阶段的构形模式及其多样演变,归纳出各阶段典型会意字的构形特点。第四章是在前章的基础上,对会意字构形的历时演变进行分析。其中包括会意字的字量变化、演变流向和会意字构形系统的演变趋势及其原因。在汉字历时演变的进程中,会意字字量不断增加,会意字系统内部在义化、形声化和记号化的趋势下也出现了分流,我们认为这是会意字自身存在缺陷、外部因素变化共同导致的结果。
[Abstract]:The word of understanding meaning is the concentrated reflection of the character of Chinese ideographic meaning, which has been widely studied in the past dynasties. With the evolution of the Chinese character system, the conjunctive character as a special pulse, its configuration and structure are also changing, showing different characteristics. The thesis is divided into four chapters: the first chapter introduces the basis of this paper, and briefly discusses the research of the conjunctive word configuration. Most of the current studies focus on the synchronic description of the word of meaning and the discussion of the motivation of the meaning. The evolution of the system of diachronic configuration is rarely mentioned, and there are some problems such as material selection and confusion of concept. This paper will supplement these problems. Finally, the research method and significance of this paper are introduced. The second chapter is the selection of the research materials. Based on the exhaustive search and arrangement of the word table of meaning in the existing research results, reference books and related scholars' exposition, 229 typical words of meaning of oracle bone inscription are selected as the starting materials of this paper. According to the frequency included, these characters are divided into high frequency, middle frequency and low frequency meaning, and their characteristics are analyzed one by one. The third chapter describes the conformation of the typical oracle inscriptions in the stages of oracle bone inscription, small seal character, Likai character and modern Chinese characters from a diachronic point of view. Firstly, according to the principle of rational splitting, the meaning word component is disassembled, and then the number and function of the component, the proportion of the component plane combination or hierarchy combination are investigated. According to the method of "structure-function", the conformation mode and its various evolution in each diachronic stage are obtained, and the configuration characteristics of typical meaning words in each stage are summed up. Chapter four analyzes the diachronic evolution of the conjunctive word configuration on the basis of the previous chapter. It includes the change of word quantity, the direction of evolution and the evolution trend and the reason of the formation system. In the process of Chinese characters' diachronic evolution, the number of characters of meaning has been increasing, and the internal system of meaning characters has also appeared in the trend of meaning, form, sound and marking. We think that this is the defect of the word of meaning itself. The result of changes in external factors.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H122

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