现代汉语“X过”的共时词汇状态考察

发布时间：2019-03-21 19:13

【摘要】：在现代汉语中,“X过”存在三种不同的状态,一种是跨层状态,一种是词的状态,还有一种是短语的状态,本文根据这三种状态并考虑到现今的计算机分词以及对外汉语教学和词典的编撰提出了“共时词汇状态”,并对其进行了相关的定义。由此展开了对“X过”的状态的考察。第一章是绪论。主要是介绍了选题的主要意义,国内外的研究现状、理论的运用和可能的创新点以及困难。第二章是“X过”的考察及语料的筛选。首先对“过”进行了一个简单的介绍。“过”在现代汉语中有着丰富的词性和意义,对产生不同的“X过”有着重要的影响。其次是进行语料的筛选。在进行语料筛选的时候,首先是对“X过”的语料进行了详尽的考察分析,在不同的词典里对可能潜在的研究对象进行了观察,然后再对这些潜在的研究对象进行了对比研究,分析其可能存在的共时的词汇状态,排除在共时层面中不存在不同状态的情况以及前人已经研究过的情况,我们最终确定了本文的研究对象是“不过”、“别过”和“太过”。第三章到第五章是个案考察。我们通过对语料的观察发现,这三个“X过”分别有着三种不同的状态。第一种是跨层状态,在每一章的开头部分,我们都首先考察这个状态,并对“X过”成为跨层状态的条件进行简要的概括。其次是词的状态,“不过”可以是副词或者连词,“别过”可以是动词,“太过”可以是副词。最后再讨论短语的状态。在分析词的状态和短语的状态的时候,我们从语义特点、前后项成分和句法功能这三点进行分析比较,以期能找出确定“X过”是否成词的条件。第六章是结语。本章内容会对“不过”、“别过”和“太过”进行综合性的总结,试图从中得出相应的规律并且阐述了研究中存在着的困难和不足。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "X-pass" has three different states, one is cross-layer state, one is the state of word, the other is the state of phrase. According to these three states and taking into account the present computer word segmentation and the compilation of Chinese as a foreign language teaching and dictionary, this paper puts forward the "synchronic lexical state", and gives the relevant definitions of the "synchronic lexical state". Therefore, the investigation of the state of "X-pass" has been carried out. The first chapter is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the main significance of the topic, the research status at home and abroad, the application of the theory, the possible innovation and difficulties. The second chapter is the investigation of "X-pass" and the selection of corpus. First of all, "over" a simple introduction. Guo has a rich part of speech and meaning in modern Chinese, which has an important influence on different X-pass. The second is the selection of the corpus. In the process of data selection, the author first makes a detailed investigation and analysis of the "X-pass" corpus, observes the possible potential research objects in different dictionaries, and then makes a comparative study of these potential research objects. By analyzing the possible synchronic lexical states, excluding the absence of different states at the synchronic level and the cases that have been studied by predecessors, we have finally determined that the objects of this study are "however", "not too much" and "too much". The third chapter to the fifth chapter is a case study. Through the observation of the corpus, we find that the three X-pass have three different states. The first is the cross-layer state. At the beginning of each chapter, we first examine this state and briefly summarize the condition that "X-pass" becomes a cross-layer state. The second is the state of the word, "but" can be an adverb or conjunction, "goodbye" can be a verb, "too much" can be an adverb. Finally, we discuss the state of the phrase. When analyzing the state of the word and the state of the phrase, we analyze and compare the semantic characteristics, the antecedents and the syntactic functions, in order to find out the conditions for determining whether "X-crossing" is a word or not. Chapter VI is the conclusion. This chapter will make a comprehensive summary of "however", "don't overdo" and "too", try to get the corresponding rules from it, and explain the difficulties and shortcomings in the research.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146

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