同形删略和离合词、不完整词形成机制——兼论准定语的形成机制

发布时间：2019-04-13 20:08

【摘要】：离合词指构词成分可以"分离"的词,不完整词指构词成分可以"部分缺失"的词。表面上看离合词和不完整词都违反了词的完整性,文章认为,违反完整性是假象,离合词的"分离"和不完整词的"部分缺失"都是语音层面的同形删略造成的,在结构上并不违反词的完整性。同形删略的方式主要受两端保留原则和核心词性一致原则的限制。从根本上说,离合词其实就是前后出现的两个不完整词。离合词中,最重要的类型是由"隐性轻动词+实义动词"结构发生实义动词拷贝和同形删略而形成的离合词,这种结构与准定语结构实为相同结构。在准定语结构中由于存在重复出现的同形动词而发生动词的删略,造成定语与其修饰的中心语在语义和句法上的"错位"。
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words refer to words that can be "separated", while incomplete words refer to words that can be "partially missing". On the surface, both the clutch word and the incomplete word violate the integrity of the word. The article holds that the violation of the integrity is an illusion, and the "separation" of the clutch word and the "partial deletion" of the incomplete word are caused by the isomorphism deletion on the phonological level. It does not violate the integrity of the word in structure. The way of homomorphic deletion is mainly limited by the principle of retention of the two ends and the principle of concordance of the core parts of speech. Fundamentally, the clutch word is actually the two incomplete words that appear before and after. In clutch words, the most important type is the disjunctive word which is formed by the structure of "implicit light verb substantive verb", which is actually the same structure as the quasi-attributive structure, which is formed by the copy of the substantive verb and the deletion of the same form as the structure of "implicit light verb substantive verb". In the structure of quasi-attributive, the deletion of verbs due to the existence of repeated homomorphic verbs results in the semantic and syntactic dislocation between the attributive and its modified central language.
【作者单位】：北京大学中文系;
【分类号】：H146

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