《雷雨》中称呼语的权势与等同关系分析

发布时间：2019-04-25 22:30

【摘要】：称呼语是人际交流的重要组成部分,它不仅仅是一个指代,而且能够反映交际双方的身份、职业、年龄等等特征,也能够反映交际双方的关系,从而给听话者传达准确的第一手讯息。许多学者从社会、会话分析及语用等角度深入探讨了称呼语的使用,论述了权势与等同对称呼语使用的影响。那么权势与等同对称呼语使用有怎样的影响呢,本文通过对《雷雨》中称呼语的深入研究,以期揭示权势与等同和称呼语的关系。中国文化博大精深,与英语中称呼语的使用相比,中国称呼语的使用有其独特性和复杂性,具有很大的研究价值。曹禺先生《雷雨》中的人际关系十分复杂,其中的称呼语使用频繁而且极其准确,我们能够通过其使用得出人物的关系及情感变化。权势与等同作为两个极为抽象的语境参数,他们只能作为一种载体。语言,承载于权势和等同这两个语义之上的实体,刚好能反映语言交际中参与者之间某种关系。本文以权势与等同理论为基础,选取了《雷雨》中称呼语,将其分为亲属称谓语与非亲属称谓语两大类进行研究,试图解释权势与等同关系对于人物选择称呼语使用的影响以及人物之间的人际关系。本文旨在回答这三个问题:1)《雷雨》中主要存在哪些称呼语的形式?2)《雷雨》中不同的称呼语适用于哪种社会关系?3)为什么称呼语的使用存在差异?为了回答上述问题,本文选取了《雷雨》中的称呼语制作了一个分类表格,然后根据不同人物之间称呼语的使用分析其社会关系,最后运用权势与等同理论分析人物之间使用不同称呼语的原因。本文第一部分介绍了文章的研究目的、意义、方法以及文章的大体结构。在第二部分介绍了称呼语,权势和等同的国内外研究现状。第三部分则是文章的理论基础,在此章节,介绍了权势,等同与称呼语的基本定义。同时,详细介绍了布朗和吉尔曼对于代词和权势与等同的观点。第四部分则通过《雷雨》详细分析了权势与等同对称呼语使用的影响。最后部分则对全文进行了总结以及指出了本文的局限性与不足之处。通过回答上述问题,研究结果初步达到研究目的,研究发现,《雷雨》中不同身份地位的人物所使用的称呼语有着极大不同并且各具特色,他们以此来彰显自己的权势或者通过弱化权势和增加等同量来达到自己的交际目的。大致上可以得出几点:权势更大的人在称呼语使用上具有选者权,他可以随意选择对权势低的人使用何种称呼,但是权势低的人一般只能对其使用尊称;权势不同的人在称呼语使用上不是一层不变的,双方可以通过增加等同量或者权势高的人弱化自己的权势来使称呼语的使用有所改变;相对来说,权势高的人互相使用的称呼语更加文雅,正式和书面,也就是说,权势高的人文化水平,社会地位等较高,这些影响了他们对于称呼语的选择。
[Abstract]:Address form is an important part of interpersonal communication, it is not only a reference, but also can reflect the identity, occupation, age and other characteristics of the communicative parties, and also can reflect the relationship between the communicative parties. To send an accurate first-hand message to the listener. Many scholars have deeply discussed the use of address forms from the perspectives of society, conversational analysis and pragmatics, and discussed the influence of power and equivalent symmetry on the use of forms. In order to reveal the relationship between power and equivalence and address forms, this paper makes an in-depth study of address forms in Thunder Rain in order to reveal the relationship between power and equivalence and address forms. Chinese culture is extensive and profound. Compared with the use of address forms in English, the use of Chinese address forms has its uniqueness and complexity, and has great research value. The interpersonal relationship in "thunderstorm" by Cao Yu is very complicated, in which the appellations are used frequently and accurately. We can get the relationship and emotional changes of the characters through their use. Power and equivalence as two very abstract contextual parameters, they can only be used as a carrier. Language, an entity bearing on the semantics of power and equivalence, can just reflect the relationship between participants in linguistic communication. Based on the theory of power and equivalence, this paper selects the appellations in thunderstorm and classifies them into two categories: kinship address and non-kinship address, which can be divided into two categories: kinship address and non-kinship address. This paper attempts to explain the influence of power and equivalence on the use of selective address forms and the interpersonal relationship between characters. The purpose of this paper is to answer these three questions: 1) what are the main forms of address forms in thunderstorm? 2) what social relations do different addresses apply to in thunderstorm? 3) Why are there differences in the use of address forms? In order to answer the above questions, this paper selects the appellations in thunderstorm to make a classification table, and then analyzes the social relations of different people according to the usage of address forms among different characters. Finally, we use the theory of power and equivalence to analyze the reasons why different address forms are used among characters. The first part of this paper introduces the purpose, significance, methods and the general structure of the article. The second part introduces the research status of address forms, power and equivalence at home and abroad. The third part is the theoretical basis of the article. In this chapter, the basic definitions of power, equivalence and address form are introduced. At the same time, Brown and Gilman's views on pronouns and power and equivalence are introduced in detail. In the fourth part, the influence of power and equivalent symmetric forms is analyzed in detail by thunderstorm. The last part summarizes the full text and points out the limitations and shortcomings of this paper. By answering the above questions, the results of the study reach the purpose of the study. It is found that the appellations used by the characters of different status in thunderstorm are very different and have their own characteristics. They use it to demonstrate their power or to achieve their communicative ends by weakening power and increasing equivalency. In general, it can be concluded that the more powerful people have the right of choice in the use of address forms, he can choose what kind of name to use to the low-power people, but the low-power people can only use the honorific name to the lower-power people in general; The use of address forms can be changed by increasing the equivalent or high-power people to weaken their own power in order to change the use of address forms in the use of address forms of people with different positions of power is not the same as the same level of people in the use of address forms is not the same as the two sides can increase their power to weaken their power; Relatively speaking, people with high power use more elegant, formal and written terms, that is, higher level of education, social status and so on, which affect their choice of address terms.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】