汉语“幸好”的语义探究

发布时间：2021-02-06 20:03

　　“幸好”作为一个语气副词,更确切地说,是评注性副词,表达了说话者对命题或述题的主观态度（张谊生2000,2002）。一般认为,“幸好”是指“由于某种有利条件而侥幸避免了不良后果”（吕叔湘1999:586）。前人虽然从语法分布和语用功能方面对“幸好”进行了大量研究（方红2003;杨亦鸣、徐以中2004;唐宁2005;高书贵2006;丁杰2007;邹清妹、原苏荣2015）,但对其语义的研究还有待深入。本文以模态语义学为理论基础,结合对比语义学与程度语义学来探讨“幸好”的语法意义。对“幸好”语法意义的观察发现,“幸好”具有模态特征,其语义包含了一种庆幸的评价以及基于现实或常识的推理。此外,“幸好”还表达了真实命题与虚拟命题的比较,二者具有不同的评价内容。具体来说,当说话者预料会有某个不利的结果要出现时,“幸好”的语义要求最终出现的结果比预期的结果更有利。基于模态逻辑语义学（Kratzer 1981,1991）,本文认为“幸好”所在句子包含两个函数,一个是认识情态基础函数f（epistemic modal base f）,一个是意愿序列来源函数g（bouletic ordering sourc... 

【文章来源】：广东外语外贸大学广东省

【文章页数】：78 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
NOTATION CONVENTIONS
CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Preliminaries
    1.2 Research background
        1.2.1 A review of xinghao’s syntactic status
        1.2.2 A review of xinghao’s grammatical meanings
        1.2.3 Limitations of the previous studies
        1.2.4 Summing up
    1.3 Research aim and research questions
    1.4 The basic assumptions
    1.5 Significance of the study
    1.6 Structure of the thesis
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 An overview of the studies on xinghao
        2.1.1 The semantics of xinghao in the previous literature
        2.1.2 The syntactic behaviors of xinghao in the previous literature
        2.1.3 The pragmatics of xinghao in the previous literature
    2.2 Summary of the chapter
CHAPTER THREE THE SYNTAX, SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF XINGHAO: A FIRSTLOOK
    3.1 Overview
        3.1.1 On xinghao’s semantics
        3.1.2 On xinghao’s syntactic behaviors
        3.1.3 On xinghao’s pragmatics
    3.2 Summary of the chapter
CHAPTER FOUR MODAL SEMANTICS AND THE MODAL FEATURE OF XINGHAO
    4.1 Overview
    4.2 Modal semantics based on possible worlds
        4.2.1 Kratzer’s （1981, 1991） ordering semantics
        4.2.2 Heim’s （1992） context change semantics for desire predicates
    4.3 A modal semantics for xinghao
        4.3.1 Classification of modality
        4.3.2 On xinghao’s modality type and modal base
        4.3.3 Alternatives with ranking of desirability
        4.3.4 On assertion and presupposition
        4.3.5 Formal preliminary
    4.4 An explanation of the semantic structure of xinghao
        4.4.1 A conditional-like meaning expressed by fouze-clause
        4.4.2 Polar alternatives vs. scalar alternatives
        4.4.3 Pairs of propositions and truncation
    4.5 Summary of the chapter
CHAPTER FIVE XINGHAO AS A SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD OPERATOR
    5.1 Overview
    5.2 On xinghao’s modal meanings and its mood selection
        5.2.1 Irrealis or non-veridicality
        5.2.2 Comparison of contextual alternatives
    5.3 A semantics for predicates that select the subjunctive mood
        5.3.1 Villalta’s （2000, 2008） Ordered Alternatives Theory
        5.3.2 Properties of predicates: focus sensitivity and gradability
    5.4 Xinghao as a subjunctive mood operator
        5.4.1 The subjunctive mood: comparison of contextual alternatives
        5.4.2 Formal analysis of xinghao
    5.5 Focus interpretation and alternatives
        5.5.1 Alternative semantics for xinghao
        5.5.2 Interaction with focus-sensitive operators cai, zhi
    5.6 The gradability of xinghao
        5.6.1 Scalar analysis of gradable predicates
        5.6.2 A scale of fortunateness triggered by xinghao
    5.7 Summary and implications
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION
    6.1 Summary of the major findings
    6.2 Significance of the study
    6.3 Limitations of the present study
REFERENCES


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期刊论文
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