汉语叙事性语篇和描述性语篇中的信息包装

发布时间：2022-08-11 16:58

　　在很多语言中,包括汉语,有一种趋势,即已知信息在前,新信息在后。为了揭示该趋势的实质,此文主要探讨的问题包括：论元的排列受哪种信息因素的制约,它们之间的关系是否具有任意性；焦点/预设在句子中的分布；语篇作为一个整体在信息包装过程中受也遵循先旧后新的制约。此文研究的语料是在控制条件下产出的叙事性和描述性语篇,参与控制实验的受试汉语是母语。这种控制条件下产出的语料的优点在于分析者知道参与者大脑中各种信息的认知状态,因此也就能够判断出语篇中实体或句子的认知状态。我们认为,要充分说明信息如何包装需要借助信息度、焦点/预设、和认知状态（包括听者状态和话语状态）等概念。相对于以前的研究方法,此方法的优势在于我们强调多种意义上的新/已知信息和信息度。我们认为,尽管汉语也遵循从已知到新的原则,但不同意义上的已知/新左右不同的语言现象,如不同的结构、不同的句子位置、不同的话语、文体等。或者说,不同的语言现象受不同的意义上的已知/新的制约。语料显示,出现在句首、句中和句末论元角色中的听者-旧实体的比例越来越低,或者说,出现在句首、句中和句末论元角色中的听者-新实体的比例越来越高。另外语料还显示,论元顺序和... 

【文章页数】：258 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables and a Figure
List of Abbreviations
Chapter One Introduction
    1.0 Background of the Study
    1.1 Statement of the Problems
    1.2 Objectives of the Study
    1.3 Significance of the Study
    1.4 Organization of This Dissertation
Chapter Two A Review of Previous Approaches to Information Packaging in Discourse
    2.0 Introduction
    2.1 Cognitive Approach
    2.2 Givenness-based Approach
    2.3 Definiteness-based Approach
    2.4 Focus-based Approach
    2.5 Informativity-based Approach
    2.6 Summary
Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
    3.0 Introduction
    3.1 Assumed Familiaritv
    3.2 The Expanded Model
    3.3 Summary
Chapter Four Methodology
    4.0 Introduction
    4.1 Research Questions
    4.2 Data Collection
    4.3 Coding
    4.4 Transcription and Data Analysis
    4.5 Summary
Chapter Five Ordering of Arguments
    5.0 Introduction
    5.1 Argument Roles
    5.2 The A Role
        5.2.1 Types of the A Role
        5.2.2 Cognitive Status of the A Role
    5.3 The O Role
        5.3.1 Types of the O Role
        5.3.2 Cognitive Status of the O Role
        5.3.3 Cognitive Status and Word Order(O)
    5.4 Cognitive Status and Word Order(A and O)
    5.5 Cognitive Status and Arguments(A and O)
    5.6 The S Role
        5.6.1 Types of the S Role
        5.6.2 Cognitive Status of the S Role
        5.6.3 Cognitive Status and Word Order(S)
    5.7 Cognitive Status and Word Order (A,S and O)
    5.8 Assumed Familiarity Hierarchy
    5.9 Arguments in Focus
        5.9.1 OVR vs VRO in Focus
        5.9.2 OV vs VO in Focus
    5.10 Summary
Chapter Six Ordering of Focus and Presupposition
    6.0 Introduction
    6.1 Information Packaging in a Clause
        6.1.1 All-focus Clauses
        6.1.2 All-presupposition Clauses
        6.1.3 Focus-presupposition Clauses
        6.1.4 Presupposition-focus Clauses
    6.2 Information Packaging in a Complex Sentence
        6.2.1 Information Packaging in a Complex Sentence with a Temporal Clause
        6.2.2 Information Packaging in a Complex Sentence with a yinwei-clause
    6.3 Summary
Chapter Seven Information Packaging and Discourse Structure
    7.0 Introduction
    7.1 Cognitive Status of Discourse-initial Topical Themes
        7.1.1 Types of Topical Theme
        7.1.2 Cognitive Status of Discourse-initial Topical Themes
    7.2 Cognitive Status of Topical Themes
        7.2.1 Hearer-old Constraint on Topical Themes
        7.2.2 Cognitive Status of Topical Themes across Genres
        7.2.3 Cognitive Status of Topical Theme across Tasks
    7.3 Progressions of Topical Theme
    7.4 Cognitive Status of Discourse as a Whole
    7.5 Discourse Unit-initial vs -internal Elements across Genres
        7.5.1 Episode-initial vs -internal Elements in Narratives
        7.5.2 Move-initial vs -internal Elements in Descriptions
    7.6 Summary
Chapter Eight Conclusion
    8.0 Introduction
    8.1 Findings of This Study
    8.2 Theoretical Implications
    8.3 Limitations of This Study and Suggestions for Future Research
Appendices
    Appendix 1 Sample narrative discourse from Task 1
    Appendix 2 Sample narrative discourse from Task 2
    Appendix 3 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 3
    Appendix 4 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 4
    Appendix 5 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 5
    Appendix 6 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 6
    Appendix 7 Descriptions of the second character's switching off deng (light)
    Appendix 8 Materials used in Task 3
    Appendix 9 Materials used in Task 4
    Appendix 10 Materials used in Task 5
    Appendix 11 Materials used in Task 6
    Appendix 12 Transcription conventions
    Appendix 13 Sources of written data
References
Acknowledgements
Publications
学位论文评阅及答辩情况表


【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]英汉语原因连接成分的信息导入功能——基于语料库的实证研究[J]. 彭宣维,罗洁,曹意文.  外语教学与研究. 2007(06)
[2]语篇的信息连贯[J]. 苗兴伟.  外语教学. 2003(02)



本文编号：3675038