我国真人秀电视节目的叙事分析

发布时间：2018-07-21 17:18

【摘要】：我国的真人秀电视节目发展至今,已经成为各大卫视的“必争之地”,随着竞争的日益激烈,故事化叙事成为这场争夺战的主要利器和主流趋势,如何创新节目模式,用不同的方法“讲故事”,讲不同的“故事”,即如何“叙事”成为真人秀电视节目成败的关键。在这种情况下,对真人秀电视节目进行叙事学分析,得出其背后的规律和强大的理论支撑显得尤为重要。而作为经典理论的叙事学无疑是进行此课题研究的最佳选择。故本文采用跨学科的视角,把真人秀电视节目纳入叙事学的研究范畴,结合文献研究和案例分析法,对我国真人秀电视节目的叙事进行了系统而又详实的分析,并从中发现了我国真人秀电视节目叙事的奥秘。本文主要借鉴查特曼的经典作品《故事与话语》中对叙事“故事”和叙事“话语”的划分对文章进行了架构,在对真人秀和叙事学进行了基本概述后,分别从“故事”和“话语”两大方面对真人秀电视节目的叙事进行了分析。“故事”方面,主要从真人秀电视节目故事的人物、情节和主题三个角度加以分析。人物角度,一方面从功能配置入手探讨了真人秀电视节目中“行动元”的相关问题,最终得出真人秀节目的“行动元模式”简图;另一方面,就真人秀电视节目中人物形象塑造的技巧进行探讨,归纳提炼出“扁平化”和“圆形化”两种不同的人物塑造方法,并结合相关案例进一步予以说明。情节角度,从情节的构建和情节特点两方面入手,发现在情节构建中,核心事件和辅助事件是真人秀电视节目情节构建的主要方式,而悬念、冲突、反转等在文学创作中必不可少的元素,在真人秀节目中同样举足轻重;此外,反故事和元叙事的手法在真人秀节目中也有运用。主题角度,如何立意以及如何进行主题展现是本文的主要研究点,通过对相关案例进行分析,得出了真人秀电视节目在主题展现上的规律和常用手法。叙事“话语”方面,主要从叙事时间、叙事视角以及电视节目特有的电视语言三个角度加以分析。时间方面,着重分析叙事时间处理技巧及其实现手段,即蒙太奇手法;视角方面,分析了真人秀电视节目中叙事视角的层次性,并结合案例对不同叙述视角的特点和作用进行了具体说明;语言方面主要从声音、字幕和风格等方面加以分析。经过从“故事”和“话语”这两个不同维度对真人秀电视节目的叙事加以分析后可以清晰的得出这一结论:真人秀电视节目的叙事是以叙事学为理论支撑才得以进行的,在那些看似或引人发笑或令人感动的故事背后,都有着深刻的理论意味。同时,叙事学中还有许多未被真人秀节目开发和应用的地方,而这有待我国电视人进一步的摸索和探讨,从而创新出独具匠心的“故事”及别具一格的“话语”,使我国的真人秀电视节目更加闪闪发亮、熠熠生辉。
[Abstract]:With the development of reality TV programs in our country, they have become the "necessary place" for the major TV stations. With the increasingly fierce competition, story narration has become the main weapon and mainstream trend of the battle. How to innovate the program mode? Telling stories in different ways and telling different stories, that is, how to "narrate" become the key to the success or failure of reality TV programs. In this case, it is particularly important to analyze the narrative of reality TV programs and find out the rules and strong theoretical support behind them. Narratology, as a classical theory, is undoubtedly the best choice for this subject. So this article adopts the interdisciplinary angle of view, brings the reality TV program into the narratology research category, unifies the literature research and the case analysis method, has carried on the systematic and detailed analysis to our country reality TV program narration. And found our country reality TV program narration mystery. This article mainly draws lessons from Chatman's classic work "Story and discourse" to divide the narrative "story" and narrative "discourse" into the structure of the article, after a basic overview of reality TV and narratology. This paper analyzes the narration of reality TV programs from the two aspects of Story and discourse. In the aspect of "Story", it mainly analyzes the characters, plot and theme of reality TV program. From the point of view of characters, on the one hand, it discusses the related problems of "action element" in reality TV programs from the point of view of function allocation, and finally comes to the schematic diagram of "action element mode" of reality TV show; on the other hand, This paper probes into the techniques of portraying characters in reality TV programs, and summarizes two different ways of portraying characters: flattening and roundness, and further explains them with relevant cases. From the plot angle, from the plot construction and the plot characteristic two aspects, found in the plot construction, the core event and the auxiliary event is the reality television program plot construction main way, but suspense, the conflict, Reversal and other essential elements in literary creation are equally important in reality shows. In addition, anti-story and meta-narrative techniques are also used in reality shows. Theme angle, how to design and how to show the theme is the main research point of this paper. Through the analysis of relevant cases, the regularity and common techniques of the theme show of reality TV show are obtained. The narrative "discourse" is mainly analyzed from three angles: narrative time, narrative perspective and TV language. In the aspect of time, the author mainly analyzes the narrative time processing technique and its realization means, that is, montage technique, and analyzes the level of narrative angle of view in reality TV programs. The characteristics and functions of different narrative perspectives are explained in detail, and the language is mainly analyzed from the aspects of sound, subtitle and style. After analyzing the narration of reality TV programs from the two different dimensions of "Story" and "discourse", we can draw this conclusion clearly: the narrative of reality TV shows is supported by narratology. Behind stories that seem to be amusing or touching, there is a profound theoretical implication. At the same time, there are still many places in narratology that have not been developed and applied by reality TV programs, and this needs further exploration and discussion by TV people in our country, thus innovating the original "story" and the unique "discourse". Make our country's reality TV show more sparkling, shining.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G222

【参考文献】