重庆地区小学生突发事件心理卫生状况和需求调查

发布时间：2017-12-30 18:09

本文关键词：重庆地区小学生突发事件心理卫生状况和需求调查　出处：《重庆医科大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：了解重庆地区小学生心理特点，并在此基础上重点探讨突发事件后心理变化状况及其影响因素，为创伤后应激障碍的预防和干预提供参考；了解小学生对突发事件心理危机干预的需求状况，为制定适合我国国情及儿童心理特点的心理危机干预模式提供理论依据。方法：采用自编问卷、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ），对选取的重庆地区7所小学4～6年级总计1113名小学生进行问卷调查，回收有效问卷1110份。对问卷进行整理、编码，采用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库，以SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行描述性分析、t检验、方差分析、卡方检验、秩和检验和多因素回归等统计分析。此外，对选取的7所小学中的其中6名教师进行了个人深入访谈。结果：(1)社会支持状况：男生在支持总分和客观支持上低于女生；城镇学生在支持总分、主观支持、客观支持和支持利用度上普遍高于农村学生；独生子女的主观支持低于非独生子女，但支持利用度高于非独生子女。(2)人格特征：EPQ各因子与全国常模比较，9～12y组男女生内外向和精神质、9～11y组女生掩饰性及11y～组男女生、9～10y组男生和12y～组女生情绪稳定性得分均低于常模，而9y～和11y～组男生、12y～组女生掩饰性得分均高于常模；人格分型显示，中间型所占比例最高(64.1%),内向稳定型次之（17.5%），外向不稳定型最低（1.6%），仅居住地与小学生的人格类型有关。(3)创伤后应激障碍：1110名小学生中创伤后应激障碍阳性人数103人，占9.3％。单因素分析有影响的因素有:受灾经历、居住地、独生、父母对功课过问情况、课外活动、班主任表扬、朋友数量、内外向、情绪稳定性和精神质；Logistic回归分析显示，受灾经历、居住地和精神质仍是创伤后应激障碍的影响因素。(4)心理危机干预需求：遇到突发事件时，38.1%的小学生最希望集体接受心理辅导，，66.7%最希望由父母提供心理帮助，且对这两项的选择性别、年级、居住地、是否独生之间差异均没有统计学意义（P0.05）。(5)心理危机健康教育需求：如果学校开展突发事件的心理危机健康教育活动，67.8%的小学生表示愿意并主动参加，27.4%表示学校要求就参加，仅有4.8%不愿意参加，且参加意愿存在性别、年级、是否独生差异（P0.05）。进一步调查发现，在有参加意愿的1057名小学生中，40.0%最希望该活动每个月开展一次；40.9%最希望班主任是活动的提供者；希望了解的活动内容是如何防范突发事件(51.7%)和如何缓解心理危机(51.5%)；喜欢的活动形式主要为心理影片(45.0%)和心理游戏(40.8%)。结论：重庆地区小学生社会支持水平不高，人格总体上倾向内向、稳定；创伤后应激障碍在小学生中较为普遍发生，且与人格等多种因素有关；学校应根据他们的心理需求特点，有计划、有组织的开展针对性的心理危机干预服务。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the psychological characteristics of primary school students in Chongqing area, focusing on the changes of mental status and its influencing factors after the incident and on this foundation, to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of posttraumatic stress disorder; understand the needs of pupils in the emergency psychological crisis intervention, provide a theoretical basis for the development of psychological crisis intervention mode suitable for national conditions and psychological characteristics of children in our country.
Methods: a self-designed questionnaire, social support rating scale (SSRS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the 7 selected primary school in Chongqing area from 4 to 6 grade a total of 1113 students conducted a questionnaire survey, 1110 valid questionnaires. The questionnaires were collected, encoding, using EpiData3.0 software to establish a database, using SPSS17.0 software the package of data descriptive analysis, t test, variance analysis, chi square test, Kruskal Wallis analysis and multi factor regression. In addition, the 7 primary school in the selected 6 of the teachers of the individual in-depth interviews.
Results: (1) the status of social support: boys in support score and objective support than that of girls; urban students in support score, subjective support, objective support and utilization degree is generally higher than that of rural students; subjective support only children than non single child, but support the use of degree higher than the non only child (2). Personality characteristics: comparison of EPQ factors and the national norm, the 9 ~ 12Y group of male and female students in extraversion and psychoticism, 9 ~ 11y and ~ 11y groups of girls hide groups of male and female students, 9 ~ 10Y group and 12Y group of boys to girls emotional stability scores were lower than the norm, and 9y ~ and 11y ~ group of boys 12Y, to cover up groups of girls scored higher than the norm; personality type, middle type accounted for the highest proportion (64.1%), within the stable times (17.5%), extrovert instability (1.6%), only the minimum residence and pupils' personality types. (3) of posttraumatic stress disorder : 1110 pupils in the PTSD positive number of 103 people, accounting for 9.3%. single factor analysis of influential factors are: disaster experience, residence, only child, parents say, on their extracurricular activities, the praise, the number of friends, inside and outside to emotional stability and mental quality; Logistic regression analysis showed that the disaster experience. Influence factors of residence and psychoticism is post-traumatic stress disorder. (4) the requirements of psychological crisis intervention: when faced with an emergency, 38.1% of the students hope the collective psychological counseling, 66.7% psychological help from parents were38.1, and to choose the gender, the two grade, place of residence, whether the only difference between no statistical significance (P0.05). (5) the demand of mental health education in schools to carry out emergency crisis: if the psychological crisis of health education activities, 67.8% primary school students willing to actively participate in and 27. .4% said the school request to participate, only 4.8% are not willing to participate, and willingness to participate in gender, grade, whether the only difference (P0.05). Further investigation found that in 1057 pupils have the willingness to participate in the 40% most wanted to carry out a campaign this month; 40.9% the most hope teacher is active providers; activities to understand the content is how to prevent emergencies (51.7%) and (51.5%) how to alleviate the psychological crisis; love activities mainly in the form of psychological film (45%) and psychological games (40.8%).
Conclusion: the social support of pupils in Chongqing level is not high, the overall tendency of introversion personality, stable; PTSD is widespread, and is associated with many factors such as personality; schools should be based on the characteristics of the psychological need, they have planned, organized according to the psychological crisis intervention services.

【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R395

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