论治疗性克隆技术的可专利性

发布时间：2018-01-15 13:04

本文关键词：论治疗性克隆技术的可专利性　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：治疗性克隆技术,是借助细胞核移植技术将一个体细胞的细胞核转移到一个去核卵子中,再通过放电激活克隆出人类胚胎,然后在实验室环境下培育出胚胎干细胞,并诱导其分化发育成不同的组织和器官,以备细胞核提供者移植治疗的一种克隆技术。此种技术方法,由于以自己的体细胞为核供体,克隆出的细胞、组织、器官与患者拥有同样的遗传特征,这样移植到患者体内便不会引起免疫排斥反应;而且胚胎干细胞可以无限传代,数量上是完全可以保证治疗的需要。因此,一旦该技术发展成熟、应用到临床,就会彻底解决异体器官移植所担忧的免疫排斥反应和组织、器官供体来源不足的问题,这对于广大饱受病痛煎熬的像糖尿病、帕金森病、肝硬化、肾衰竭等患者来说,治疗性克隆技术无疑是场革命性的技术。面对具有如此巨大医学价值且又崭新的生物技术,是否该给予治疗性克隆技术专利保护以推进其快速发展呢?目前,国际上对此分歧较大,国内外的相关研究也尚未形成普遍结论。究其原因,主要就在于:治疗性克隆以人类胚胎为研究对象且又以破坏人类胚胎为前提,因此它不可避免地牵涉很大的伦理争议。另外,在《专利法》法律保护条件、治疗性克隆研究的规范管理以及治疗性克隆技术专利保护所牵扯的社会利益等方面,都成为了治疗性克隆技术寻求专利保护的巨大障碍。本文利用了归纳分析、比较分析、价值分析等方法,从伦理、法律、社会等角度,对阻碍治疗性克隆技术专利保护的各种问题进行了一一分析论证,同时借鉴前人相关研究成果,综合分析论证后,最后得出治疗性克隆技术是可以得到专利权保护的结论。本文的结构除引言、结语部分外分为五个部分: 第一部分首先介绍了克隆技术的定义及其分类;然后,介绍了治疗性克隆对人类的重大社会意义。这两部分对治疗性克隆技术进行了较为详细的论述。最后,对治疗性克隆技术欲寻求专利权保护所存在的障碍进行了介绍。第二部分对欧盟、美国以及中国关于治疗性克隆技术可专利性的态度进行了简单的分析介绍。第三部分对治疗性克隆技术寻求专利保护所面临的伦理方面的障碍:人类胚胎的道德地位、治疗性克隆是否会滑向生殖性克隆以及治疗性克隆研究是否人道等问题一一进行论证分析,得出治疗性克隆技术可专利性的伦理障碍是不足以阻碍其获得《专利法》保护的。第四部分对治疗性克隆技术可专利性的法律障碍:消极条件和积极条件,即《利法》保护的客体范围与“三性”要求等方面分析论证后,得出治疗性克隆技术是满足专利权保护的实质条件的。第五部分对治疗性克隆研究规范管理以及社会利益等方面的问题谈了下自己的想法。最后得出治疗性克隆技术是可以得到专利权保护的结论。
[Abstract]:Therapeutic cloning technology is the use of nuclear transfer technology transfer will be a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated egg and then cloned human embryos through activation of discharge, and then in the laboratory environment to cultivate embryonic stem cells, and induce differentiation into different tissues and organs, with a kind of cloning technology preparation nuclear transplantation. This technology provider, due to their own cells for nuclear donor, cloned cells, tissues, organs and patients have the same genetic characteristics, then transplanted into the patient will not cause immune rejection; and embryonic stem cells can be infinitely, the number is completely can ensure treatment need. Therefore, once the technology is mature, applied to clinical, can completely solve the allogeneic organ transplantation worrying immune rejection and tissue organ donor shortage This problem, for the majority of suffering from disease like diabetes, Parkinson's disease, liver cirrhosis, patients with kidney failure, the therapeutic cloning technology is a revolutionary technology. Faced with such a huge medical value and new biological technology, whether the given therapeutic cloning technology patent protection in order to promote its rapid development at present? In this regard, the divergence, the related research at home and abroad has not yet formed a general conclusion. The reason mainly lies in: therapeutic cloning to human embryos as the research object and then to destroy human embryos as the premise, so it inevitably involves great ethical debate. In addition, in the condition of legal protection of Patent Law > < specification, management and therapeutic cloning technology patent protection will involve social interests and other aspects of therapeutic cloning research, have become the therapeutic cloning technology to seek patent protection A huge obstacle.
This paper uses comparative analysis, inductive analysis, value analysis and other methods, from the ethical, legal, social and other aspects, on a variety of issues hinder the therapeutic cloning technology patent protection are analyzed and demonstrated, and with reference to previous research, comprehensive analysis, finally reached the therapeutic cloning technology can be obtained patent protection conclusion.
The structure of this article is divided into five parts, except the introduction and the conclusion part.
The first part introduces the definition and classification of cloning technology; then, introduces the social significance of human therapeutic cloning. The two part of the therapeutic cloning technology are discussed in detail. Finally, the therapeutic cloning technology to seek patent protection barriers were introduced.
The second part gives a brief introduction to the EU, the United States and China about the patentability of therapeutic cloning technology.
The third part seek patent protection facing ethical barriers on therapeutic cloning technology: the moral status of the human embryo, whether therapeutic cloning will lead to reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning research whether humanity problems such as analysis, the therapeutic cloning technology ethical barriers to the patentability is not enough to prevent it from getting "the patent law protection.
The fourth part of the patent legal obstacles on therapeutic cloning technology: negative conditions and positive conditions, namely "analysis profit law protection object scope and" three "requirements, the therapeutic cloning technology is to satisfy the substantive conditions of patent protection.
The fifth part discusses some ideas about the management of therapeutic cloning, social benefits and other aspects. Finally, it concludes that the technology of therapeutic cloning can be protected by patent right.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R346;D923.42

【引证文献】