超重和肥胖与儿童学习成绩及心理健康关系追踪研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 06:41

本文关键词：超重和肥胖与儿童学习成绩及心理健康关系追踪研究　出处：《山西医科大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的了解太原市儿童超重和肥胖的发生现况及其主要的影响因素，探索超重和肥胖与儿童学习成绩及心理健康的关系，，发现超重和肥胖儿童中存在的主要心理卫生问题，分析儿童BMI（体质指数）分组的改变对儿童学习成绩及心理健康发展的影响，为进一步实施干预提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法，在太原市5个城区中各抽取一所小学，以5所小学三年级的全体儿童作为调查对象。采用自填问卷的方法，以班为单位，在调查人员统一的指导语下独立完成儿童调查表，调查问卷当堂收回。调查时向儿童说明此次调查只做整体趋势研究，不做单卷分析，以保证问卷的真实性和可靠性。由所调查儿童的家长根据实际情况填写家长调查表，调查人员对家长进行电话指导和咨询，填好后在班主任老师的配合下统一收回。儿童的期末考试成绩由班主任老师提供，儿童当年的身高、体重由太原市中小学保健所的保健医师按照全国中小学生体质调研的要求和方法进行测量。根据公式体重/身高2（体重测量值以kg为单位，身高以m为单位）计算BMI，并采用2003年中国肥胖问题工作组制定的我国儿童青少年体质指数标准[5]（WGOC标准），排除继发性肥胖，将全体儿童分为正常、超重和肥胖三组。应用EpiDate3.1进行数据录入，应用SPSS13.0对数据进行x2检验、配对t检验、方差分析和回归分析。结果 1、基线调查（1）本次基线调查共筛查出超重儿童179名，检出率为11.5％，肥胖儿童146名，检出率为9.4％，超重和肥胖的合并检出率为20.9％。其中男童超重和肥胖检出率显著高于女童，独生子女超重和肥胖检出率显著高于非独生子女。（2）肥胖儿童的学习成绩较低，特别是数学成绩。其中肥胖对男童学习成绩的影响更突出。（3）肥胖儿童的心理健康水平较低，其中肥胖儿童的体脑协调性、环境适应、学习习惯、学习维度、人际自我、独立性、生活自理、适应维度和心理健康水平得分均显著低于体重正常儿童。其中肥胖对男童心理健康水平的影响更突出。（4）儿童超重和肥胖的主要影响因素有7个：其中危险因素有性别为男、独生、父母肥胖、母亲学历为大专及以上、每周银屏活动≥7次；保护因素有出生体重正常。（5）儿童BMI分组与儿童学习成绩总分呈负相关，儿童BMI分组与儿童心理健康水平得分呈负相关，儿童学习成绩总分与儿童心理健康水平得分呈正相关。（6）儿童学习成绩的主要影响因素有学习维度得分、父亲学历和母亲学历；儿童心理健康水平的主要影响因素有性别、母亲学历、学习成绩总分和儿童BMI分组。 2、追踪研究（1）本次追踪调查共筛查出超重儿童186人，检出率为12.4％，肥胖儿童153人，检出率为10.2％，比2010年分别增加0.9、0.8个百分点，超重和肥胖的合并检出率为22.6％。其中男童超重和肥胖检出率显著高于女童，独生子女超重和肥胖检出率显著高于非独生子女。（2）肥胖儿童的学习成绩较低，特别是数学成绩。（3）肥胖儿童的心理健康水平较低，其中肥胖儿童的体脑协调性、学习习惯、学习维度、人际自我、独立性、生活自理得分均显著低于体重正常儿童。（4）2010年到2011年BMI分组未发生改变的儿童心理健康水平变化趋势：正常组儿童的自我满足、认同感、合群性、独立性、人际维度和生活自理得分升高，环境适应、社会自我和自我维度得分降低；超重组儿童的自我满足、学习维度、认同感、合群性得分升高；肥胖组儿童的自我满足、学习维度、体脑协调性、认同感得分升高。（5）2010年到2011年BMI分组发生改变的儿童心理健康水平变化趋势：BMI分组由正常变为肥胖的儿童体脑协调性、学习习惯、学习维度、家庭自我、独立性、人际维度和心理健康水平得分降低；BMI分组由超重变为肥胖的儿童体脑协调性、学习习惯、学习维度、家庭自我、情绪自我、自我维度和心理健康水平得分降低；BMI分组由肥胖变为超重的儿童学习维度、情绪自我、人际自我、自我维度和心理健康水平升高。结论 1、超重和肥胖在儿童中的检出率较高，且有继续上升的趋势。男童超重和肥胖检出率显著高于女童，独生子女超重和肥胖检出率显著高于非独生子女。应引起家长、学校和社会的关注。 2、肥胖影响儿童的学习成绩和心理健康水平，其中对男童的影响更突出。家长、教师平时应多关注肥胖儿童，尤其是肥胖男童的学习和心理健康。 3、儿童超重和肥胖的影响因素众多，需进行综合干预。 4、儿童BMI分组、儿童学习成绩及儿童心理健康水平三者关系密切。肥胖对儿童心理健康水平的影响可逆。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the Taiyuan city children's overweight and obesity prevalence and influence factors of overweight and obesity, and children's learning achievement and mental health of the relationship, found that the main mental health problem of overweight and obese children, children of BMI (body mass index) effect of packet change learning achievement and mental health of children and to provide reference for the further implementation of the intervention. Methods using random cluster sampling method in Taiyuan city from 5 districts in a primary school, 5 primary school in three years
All the children as the research object. By using the method of questionnaire, taking the class as a unit to complete the questionnaire in children's independent investigators unified instruction, questionnaire. The survey shows that when the recovery of only the overall trend of children to do the investigation, single volume analysis, in order to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the questionnaire the survey by the parents of the children. Parents fill in the questionnaire according to the actual situation, the investigators conducted a telephone consultation and guidance to parents, after filling in with unified recovered teacher. The final exam is provided by the class teacher for children, children's height, weight from primary and middle schools of Taiyuan city health care physicians according to the survey of national primary and secondary school physical research requirements and methods. According to the formula 2 (weight / height weight measurements to kg units, the height in M) to calculate BMI, and by 200 Chinese children and adolescents' body mass index standard [5] 3 years working group Chinese obesity problem formulation (WGOC standard), excluding secondary obesity, all children were divided into normal, overweight and obesity in three groups. The application of EpiDate3.1 for data entry, application of SPSS13.0 for data x2 test, paired t test, variance analysis and regression analysis.
Result
1, baseline survey
(1) the baseline survey were found in overweight children 179, the detection rate was 11.5%, 146 obese children, the detection rate was 9.4%, overweight and obesity with the detection rate of 20.9%. in boys of overweight and obesity were significantly higher than that of girls, the detection rates of overweight and obesity of children was significantly higher than that of non only children.
(2) the scores of obese children are low, especially in mathematics. Among them, obesity has a more significant impact on boys' academic performance.
(3) the mental health level of obese children is low, the brain body coordination, obese children to adapt to the environment, learning habits, learning dimension, interpersonal self, independence, self-care, adaptation and mental health dimension scores were significantly lower than normal weight children. The effects of obesity on the boys' psychological health level is more prominent.
(4) there are 7 factors of overweight and obesity in children: risk factors which mainly influence the gender is male, single parents, obesity, mother qualifications for college and above, more than 7 times a week 'activities; the protective factors were normal birth weight.
(5) children's BMI group is negatively correlated with total score of children's academic performance. Children's BMI group is negatively correlated with children's mental health level. Children's total score of academic achievement is positively correlated with children's mental health level.
(6) the main influencing factors of children's academic performance are learning dimension score, father's education background and mother's educational background. The main influencing factors of children's mental health are gender, mother's educational background, total score of academic achievement and children's BMI grouping.
2, tracing research
(1) the follow-up investigations were found in overweight children 186, the detection rate was 12.4%, 153 obese children, the detection rate was 10.2%, increased by 0.9,0.8 percentage points higher than in 2010, overweight and obesity with the detection rate of 22.6%. in boys of overweight and obesity were significantly higher than that of girls, the detection rate of overweight and obesity in children only significantly higher than non only child.
(2) the scores of obese children are low, especially in mathematics.
(3) the mental health level of obese children is relatively low. Among them, body and brain coordination, learning habits, learning dimensions, interpersonal self, independence and self-care scores of obese children are significantly lower than those of normal weight children.
(4) the change trend of children's mental health level from 2010 to 2011 BMI group did not change: the normal group of children's self satisfaction, identity, sociability, independence, interpersonal dimension and self-care scores increased, to adapt to the environment, social self and self scores decreased; overweight children self satisfaction, learning dimension. A sense of identity, sociability scores increased in obese children; self satisfaction, learning dimension, brain coordination, identity score increased.
(5) the change trend of children's mental health level from 2010 to 2011 BMI packet change: BMI packet from normal to obese children brain coordination, learning habits, learning dimension, family self, independence, interpersonal dimension and mental health score decreased; BMI divided into groups by overweight and obese children. Brain coordination, learning habits, learning dimension, emotional self, family self, self dimension and mental health score decreased; BMI group by obesity to overweight children learning dimension, emotional self, interpersonal self, self dimension increased and the level of mental health.
conclusion
1, the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in children is high, and has a rising trend. The detection rate of overweight and obesity is significantly higher than that of girls. The detection rate of overweight and obesity is higher than that of non only child. It should arouse parents, schools and society's attention.
2, obesity affects children's academic performance and mental health level, which has a more significant impact on boys. Parents and teachers should pay more attention to obesity children, especially obese boys' learning and mental health.
3, there are many factors affecting overweight and obesity in children, and comprehensive intervention is needed.
4, children's BMI group, children's learning achievement and children's mental health level three are closely related. Obesity has a reversible effect on the mental health of children.

【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R395

【参考文献】