肝干细胞在肝脏疾病中应用的研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-20 03:00

本文关键词： 肝干细胞肝脏疾病研究进展　出处：《重庆医科大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：干细胞(stem cells, SCs)是指那些处于分化过程之中，具有分裂增殖能力，在一定条件下，能分化产生一种以上功能细胞的原始细胞。肝干细胞(hepatic stem cells, HSCs)是指具有干细胞特点，并能增殖、分化成为肝细胞和胆管细胞，参与肝脏结构和功能重建的一类细胞。根据肝干细胞的特性，其临床应用主要包括产生移植所需肝脏组织或器官及用于干细胞治疗。目前分离和筛选得到“种子”肝干细胞的方法主要是荧光激活细胞筛选法。肝干细胞可分为肝源性和非肝源性。肝源性肝干细胞包括肝细胞、卵圆细胞和小肝细胞等，非肝源性肝干细胞主要包括胚胎干细胞、骨髓干细胞等。目前关于肝干细胞的相关研究取得了部分成果，但大多数研究还仅限于动物实验研究，临床应用还较少，肝干细胞在肝移植方面的应用研究尚处于空白，而用于细胞治疗的具体作用机制还不清楚，肝干细胞体外提取、纯化、培养等技术还不够成熟，采用何种移植方式还没有科学定论，，用于治疗的长期有效性和安全性还缺乏相关资料，卵圆细胞与肝癌和肝硬化的发生可能有密切关系，胚胎干细胞的研究与应用还面临的伦理学挑战，胚胎干细胞的致畸胎瘤等问题也有待解决。但肝干细胞在肝脏损伤、肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌等肝脏疾病的治疗及肝移植术后抗排异等方面的相关进展表明，肝干细胞在肝脏疾病临床应用中具有十分广阔的前景。本综述介绍了肝干细胞的分离、筛选、分类与特性、体外扩增与分化、在肝脏疾病中应用的研究进展及面临的问题，并展望其发展前景。
[Abstract]:Stem cells (SCS) are those in the process of differentiation, with the ability to divide and proliferate, under certain conditions. Hepatic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by stem cells and can proliferate. Differentiation into hepatocytes and bile duct cells involved in the reconstruction of liver structure and function. According to the characteristics of liver stem cells. Its clinical applications mainly include producing liver tissues or organs needed for transplantation and for use in stem cell therapy. At present, "seeds" are obtained by isolation and screening. The main methods of hepatic stem cells are fluorescence activated cell screening. Liver stem cells can be divided into hepatogenic and non-hepatogenic. Hepatogenic liver stem cells include hepatocytes. Oval cells and small liver cells, non-hepatic stem cells mainly include embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells and so on. However, most of the research is limited to animal experiments, the clinical application is relatively small, the application of liver stem cells in liver transplantation is still blank, but the specific mechanism of cell therapy is not clear. The extraction, purification and culture of liver stem cells in vitro are not mature enough. There is no scientific conclusion about the transplantation method, and the long-term efficacy and safety of the treatment are still lack of relevant information. Oval cells may be closely related to the occurrence of liver cancer and cirrhosis. The research and application of embryonic stem cells still face ethical challenges. However, the progress of liver stem cells in liver injury, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and anti-rejection after liver transplantation, etc. Liver stem cells have a broad prospect in clinical application of liver diseases. This review introduces the isolation, screening, classification and characteristics of liver stem cells, expansion and differentiation in vitro. Research progress and problems in the application of liver diseases, and prospects for its development.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R329.2

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