高热湿环境下影响人体生理反应的个体差异研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 05:29

本文选题：高热湿环境　切入点：生理反应　出处：《天津大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：高热湿环境广泛存在于自然、工业和军事等特殊环境中，其中的劳动作业人员因环境热应力产生一系列的生理应激反应，过度反应会对人体的健康产生潜在的威胁甚至造成不可恢复的损害。为此，学者们一直致力于热暴露过程中人体的生理反应的影响研究，包括环境、负荷强度、体质情况、体型参数等对人体生理反应的影响作用研究。本文通过开展人体热暴露实验研究，针对体质情况、体型参数对人体生理反应的影响作用进行探索性研究。通过高温高湿环境舱分别模拟舒适，湿热和干热环境工况。选择20名身体健康的大学生志愿者作为实验样本，在三种环境工况中分别从事低强度和高强度的劳动，强度水平设定为相同的最大耗氧量（VO2max，Maximal Oxygen Uptake）相对水平，分别为25%VO2max和45%VO2max。实测受试样本在热暴露过程中的口腔温度（Tor，Oral Temperature）、皮肤温度（Tsk，Skin Temperature）、心率（HR，Heart Rate）和出汗量（SL，Sweat Loss），记录人体达到热耐受极限的时长。分析在不同环境和劳动强度下，体型参数、体质情况对人体生理指标的影响作用。确定体型参数中，体重（Wb，body weight）、体表面积（BSA，Body SurfaceArea）、体脂率（Fat%，Percentage of Body Fat）等参数与人体口腔温度变化量（△Tco，Increased Oral Temperature）、皮肤温度变化量（△Tsk，Increased Skin Temperature）、心率变化量（△HR，Increased Heart Rate）、SL有不同程度的相关性。分析性别因素对人体生理反应的影响，结果显示男性和女性样本的生理反应存在显著差异，，同时，男性样本中对生理反应有显著作用的个体参数有别于女性样本。分析在不同环境和劳动强度下，性别因素、体型参数、体质情况对人体热耐受时长的影响作用。确定在干热和湿热环境中，人体VO2max对人体热耐受时长有影响作用；并确定在不同环境工况中，人体的热耐受时长存在性别差异。在理论研究的基础上，提出一种基于人体体型、体质参数的指标个体参数指标（BCI，Body Characteristic Index）评价模型，利用实验数据对该模型进行修正和验证。BCI可用于评价在群体范围内，人体在热暴露过程中生理反应的相对水平，可预测人体在热暴露阶段生理指标变化量。该指标计算简单，无需测量热暴露过程中人体的生理指标，不依赖于环境和劳动强度，因而可广泛使用。
[Abstract]:High humidity environment exists widely in nature, industrial and military and other special circumstances, operators which produce a series of physiological stress response due to environmental heat stress, excessive reaction to human health will have a potential threat and even cause irreversible damage. Therefore, influence research, scholars have been committed to heat in the process of human exposure to physiological responses including environment, load intensity, physical condition, effect of reaction parameters on the shape of human physiology. This paper carried out experimental study on human thermal exposure, according to the constitution, the reaction effect of shape parameters on human physiological study.
Through the high temperature and high humidity environment simulated cabin comfort, moist and heat conditions. Choose 20 healthy volunteers as the experimental samples, in three environmental conditions respectively in low strength and high labor intensity, the intensity was set to the same maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max Maximal, Oxygen Uptake) relative level, respectively. 25%VO2max and 45%VO2max. were measured in oral temperature during thermal exposure of the samples (Tor, Oral, Temperature) (Tsk Skin Temperature, skin temperature, heart rate (HR), Heart Rate (SL) and the amount of sweat, Sweat Loss), recorded the human body to achieve the heat tolerance limit the length of time.
Analysis of the shape parameter in different environment and labor intensity, physical condition, effects on human physiological indexes. Determine the shape parameters, body weight (Wb, body, weight) (BSA, Body, SurfaceArea surface area, percentage of body fat (Fat%), Percentage of Body Fat) parameters and human oral temperature variation (Tco, Increased Oral Temperature), skin temperature variation (Tsk, Increased Skin Temperature), heart rate variation (HR, Increased Heart, SL Rate) have different degrees of relevance. Gender analysis on Affecting Factors of physical reactions to human health, the results show that there are significant differences and physiological responses of male and female samples at the same time, the individual parameters of male samples have significant effect on the physiological response is different from the female samples.
The analysis in different environment and labor intensity, gender, shape parameters, effects of physical condition on human heat tolerance duration. In dry and damp heat environment, human VO2max has an impact on human body heat tolerance; and determine under different environmental conditions, long sex differences in heat tolerance of human body when.
On the basis of theoretical research, based on the human body, the individual parameters of physical parameter index (BCI, Body Characteristic Index) evaluation model, using the experimental data of the correction and validation of.BCI model can be used to evaluate within groups, in the human body during thermal exposure and physiological reaction relative level, forecast human exposure variation of physiological indexes in the hot stage. The index has the advantages of simple calculation, no need to measure the physiological indexes of human body during thermal exposure, does not depend on the environment and labor intensity, and can be widely used.

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R339.5;X968

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