基于人体生理参数的清醒和睡眠状态的热舒适研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 18:33

本文选题：热舒适 + 睡眠　；参考：《上海交通大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：热舒适评价通常采用的是主观调查方法，该方法较为简便可靠，，但其评价结果受人的主观因素影响较大。因此考虑引入生理参数作为评价指标，生理参数可以客观反映人体发生的变化，不受主观因素影响。另外，现在的生理参数测量仪器小巧简便，戴在身上对受试者的主任务和心情几乎没有影响。本文采用主观问卷和生理参数测量相结合的方法对受试者的舒适感进行评价，该方法不仅得到生理参数评价的敏感性和可靠性，还试图找出人体舒适或者不舒适产生的机理。研究分为清醒和睡眠两部分。清醒状态的研究主要是采用正交实验，对不同的温度、相对湿度、新风量和光环境下的生理参数进行研究，各环境参数水平为：20°C、25°C、30°C；30%、50%、80%；100m~3/h、350m~3/h、600m~3/h；50lux、300lux、3000lux。对声环境单独进行了研究。采用的生理参数包括：心电（心率和心率变异性）、血氧饱和度、皮肤电阻、指尖血流量、呼吸率和指尖脉搏。主观问卷包括环境的舒适评价问卷以及病态建筑综合症调查。睡眠实验在夏季和冬季进行，改变室内温度，夏季选取23°C、26°C、30°C，冬季选取17°C、20°C、23°C。所采用的生理参数包括：脑电、心电（心率和心率变异性）、血氧饱和度、皮肤电阻、指尖血流量和皮肤温度。主观问卷为热舒适问卷以及睡眠质量问卷。清醒和睡眠实验过程中的生理参数测量持续整个测试阶段，主观问卷均在生理测试结束后进行。研究结果表明：（1）不同的生理参数可评价不同的环境；心率变异性和血氧饱和浓度可评价热湿环境；呼吸率可评价新风量；指尖血流量和皮肤电导可结合评价光环境；心率变异性、指尖血流量和呼吸率可结合评价声环境。（2）清醒状态下，可采用生理参数准确评价热舒适和热感觉；心率变异性，心率和呼吸率用来评价热舒适；血氧饱和度，皮肤电和指间血流量可评价热感觉。（3）本研究的舒适清醒环境：温度25°C、湿度50%、新风量600m~3/h和照度3000lux，表现为主观评价水平最高。本研究的舒适的睡眠环境温度：冬季工况23°C，夏季工况26°C，表现为睡眠质量主观评价最高，脑电δ波的能量比例最高，慢波睡眠时间最长，入睡潜时最短。（4）主观问卷和生理指标结合来评价睡眠质量是可靠的。其中，脑电最敏感，心率、心率变异性以及呼吸率可作为辅助参数。睡眠温度水平使用血氧饱和度、指尖血流量和皮肤温度来评价。清醒热舒适的评价指标和睡眠热舒适指标基本一致。（5）睡眠质量和舒适温度存在性别差异。男性的舒适睡眠温度低于女性。女性对稍冷的睡眠温度更加敏感，但是稍暖的温度对于男性来说更加难以忍受。该现象可通过实验测得指尖血流量、平均皮肤温度和指尖温度来解释。（6）清醒和睡眠热舒适评价存在差异。清醒状态的舒适环境温度要低于舒适的睡眠环境温度；醒来之后对同样的温度的热感觉评价要低于睡眠之前的热感觉评价。（7）醒来后对同样环境温度的热感觉评价比睡前冷。夏季醒来后，对环境热感觉评价的降低比冬季更明显。
[Abstract]:Thermal comfort evaluation is a commonly used subjective survey methods, the method is simple and reliable, but the impact of its evaluation results by subjective factors greatly. Therefore considering the introduction of physiological parameters as evaluation index, physiological parameters can reflect the change of human body, not affected by subjective factors. In addition, now the small and simple physiological parameters measuring instrument the main task, worn on the body and mood of subjects almost no effect. This method of subjective questionnaire and physiological parameters measurement combining subjects for comfort evaluation, this method not only to physiological parameters to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability, also tries to find out the mechanism of human comfort or discomfort generated.
The research is divided into two parts. Awake awake and sleep research is mainly using orthogonal experiment, relative humidity of different temperature, studied physiological parameters of fresh air and light environment, the environment parameters were 20 ~ C, 25 ~ C, 30 ~ C; 30%, 50%, 80%; 100m~3/h 350m~3/h, 600m~3/h, 50Lux, 300lux, 3000lux.; the acoustic environment alone were studied. The physiological parameters include: ECG (heart rate and heart rate variability), oxygen saturation, skin resistance, fingertip blood flow, respiratory rate and fingertip pulse. The questionnaire including environmental comfort evaluation and questionnaire survey. The sick building syndrome sleep experiments were carried out in summer and winter, the change of indoor temperature in summer from 23 ~ C, 26 ~ C, 30 ~ C, the winter from 17 ~ C, 20 ~ C, 23 ~ C. of physiological parameters including: the EEG, ECG (heart rate and heart rate variability), oxygen saturation, skin resistance, finger The subjective questionnaire was the thermal comfort questionnaire and the sleep quality questionnaire. The physiological parameters during wakefulness and sleep test lasted for the whole test stage, and the subjective questionnaire was conducted at the end of the physiological test.
The results show that: (1) can be used to evaluate different environmental physiological parameters; heart rate variability and oxygen saturation evaluation of thermal environment; respiratory rate evaluation of fresh air volume; fingertip blood flow and skin conductance can be combined with the evaluation of light environment; heart rate variability, fingertip blood flow volume and respiratory rate can be combined with the evaluation of sound environment. (2) under the sober condition, physiological parameters can be used to evaluate the thermal comfort and thermal sensation; heart rate variability, heart rate and respiration rate is used to evaluate the thermal comfort; oxygen saturation, SC and FBF can evaluate thermal sensation. (3) the study of the comfortable sober environment: temperature 25 C, humidity 50%. Fresh air volume 600m~3/h and intensity of 3000lux and showed the highest level of subjective evaluation. In this study, the comfortable sleep environment temperature in winter condition: 23 ~ C, 26 ~ C in summer conditions, performance for the subjective assessment of sleep quality of the highest energy of EEG delta wave The highest proportion of slow wave sleep time, sleep latency was the shortest. (4) the subjective questionnaire and physiological indexes to evaluate the combined sleep quality is reliable. Among them, the most sensitive EEG, heart rate, respiratory rate and heart rate variability can be used as auxiliary parameters. The sleep temperature level using blood oxygen saturation, blood flow and fingertips the skin temperature to evaluate the thermal comfort evaluation index. Awake and sleep thermal comfort index is basically the same. (5) there is a gender difference in sleep quality and comfortable temperature. Comfortable sleep temperature of male is lower than that of women. Women are more sensitive to the temperature slightly cold sleep, but a little warm temperature for men. This phenomenon can be more difficult to endure through measuring the fingertip blood flow, mean skin temperature and finger temperature to explain. (6) there are awake and sleep evaluation of thermal comfort and comfortable environment temperature difference. The waking state is lower than the temperature comfortable sleep environment The thermal sensation of the same temperature after waking up is lower than that before sleep. (7) after waking up, the thermal sensation of the same ambient temperature is lower than that before sleep. After summer, the evaluation of the environmental thermal sensation is more obvious than that of winter.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R338

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