人大脑半球额叶皮质形态研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 12:58

本文选题：大脑半球皮质 + 额叶　；参考：《广西医科大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:深入了解额叶脑回形态构筑,为临床应用提供更详细的资料,探讨大脑半球形态差异的评价指标,为比较不同大脑半球及其功能差异提供形态学资料。方法:福尔马林固定成人脑标本35例(男性25例,女性10例),取脑后作两方面处理:一、用数码相机给每一例脑拍照前面、前外侧面、后面、后外侧面、上面及下面的照片,导入计算机备查。按脑回位置、形态分为直线形、弯曲形、转折形、团块形和环岛形,按由简到繁相应确定为1级、2级、3级、4级和5级,对每一例大脑半球额叶脑回进行观测、评判。同时观察额叶各脑回大小比例,位置、排列和额叶整体形态。二、用设计好的拍摄架从前向后连续拍摄大脑半球外侧面各个角度的照片,将每一侧半球拍摄的300多张照片拼合成一张平面展开图。用专业软件在拼合的平面图上对额叶、及各脑回面积、脑沟的起止点、分支进行测算,所得数据作配对t检验。结果:从额叶各脑回形态看,中央前回呈上下走向,多为上小下大,长方条形或上半后移,下半前突,中下1/3交界处可见断开,上下端和中部前缘分别与额上、中、下回相连。额上回前后走向,后端大前端小,呈梯形、三角形或长条形。额中回形态变化最大,一条或两条弯曲脑回,从后向前全长或仅有后半段,后端起于中央前回中部或中下部,或来自额下回的分支,或连于额上回,前端分别连于额上、下回,或仅向前下连于额下回前端,中部屈曲、折叠、环绕成环状,或从其上缘分支至额上回。额下回前后径较短,多由上下走向脑回构成。额极附近(额前区)脑回呈内外侧走向,特别额中回只有后半段的标本,可见几条横行脑回,这种脑回排列的额叶整体形态表现为额前区内外侧径向和上下径向扩大。此外,在中央前回前方,可见与中央前回平行的脑回,达中央前回全长2/3,我们称之为中央前回副回,以区别中央前回。从脑回形态分级看,中央前回以2、3级即弯曲和转折居多,额上回为3级转折居多数,额中回和额下回大多为5级即环岛状。从展开平面图看,额叶外侧面皮质面积左、右侧不同,额上回,额下回皮质面积左、右侧不同(P≤0.01)。额上沟大多起自上中央前沟或其后方,左右均大于75%。多呈1、2段出现,分3段出现不到17%,额上沟止于额极左右均大于50%,还有不到25%止于额叶前方1/3处。额下沟起自中央前沟下1/3和中央前沟前1/3左右,均大于65%,止于额叶前1/3,左半球占43%,右半球占46%。结论: 1.脑回形态可作为脑差异比较的指标之一,将脑回形态分级可进行大脑半球形态差异比较。中央前回和额上回位置和形态比较恒定,形态分级较低,额中回和额下回形态变化大,形态分级较高。2.额叶脑回构筑除了传统认识的形态外,还可见其他形态,脑中回形态可影响相邻脑回形态、额叶形态和颅外结构形态。3.人大脑半球左、右侧额叶皮质面积、脑回形态级别和脑回构筑均存在差异。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the morphological structure of frontal gyrus, to provide more detailed information for clinical application, to explore the evaluation indexes of cerebral hemisphere morphological differences, and to provide morphological data for comparison of different cerebral hemispheres and their functional differences.
Methods: 35 adult brain specimens (25 males and 10 females) were fixed with formalin, and two were treated after the brain. First, a digital camera was used to give each case the front of the brain, the front side, the back, the rear side, the upper and lower pictures, and the computer was introduced. The shape was divided into straight, curved, turning, lump, and rings according to the position of the brain. Island shape, determined as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 from simple to propagation, to observe the frontal gyrus of each cerebral hemisphere, evaluate the proportion of the frontal gyrus, position, arrangement and whole frontal lobe of the frontal lobe. Two, each picture of each angle of the cerebral hemisphere from the front and back with the designed frame, will be taken every one. More than 300 photos taken in the side hemispheres were combined into a plane expansion map. The frontal lobe, the area of the brain gyrus, the beginning and stop of the brain gully, and the branches were measured with the professional software. The data were paired t test.
Results: from the morphology of the frontal gyrus, the anterior central gyrus was up and down, mostly upper and lower, the long square or the upper half, the lower half protrusion, the middle and lower 1/3 junction visible disconnection, the upper and the middle front edge connected with the forehead, middle and lower back respectively. The largest, one or two curved gyrus, from the back to the back of the central or middle part of the central or middle part, or from the upper back, or from the upper part of the frontal gyrus, or the upper part of the frontal gyrus, and the front end of the frontal, lower, or only forward, flexing, folding, circumferential, or branching from the upper edge of the forehead. The upper and lower frontal gyrus of the frontal and lower gyrus is shorter, mostly from the upper and lower to the cerebral gyrus. The brain gyrus in the vicinity of the frontal pole (front of the frontal area) is in the internal and external lateral direction, especially in the posterior half of the frontal gyrus, which shows several horizontal gyrus, and the overall morphology of the frontal lobe appears to be radial and upward and lower radial in the front of the frontal area. We can see the cerebral gyrus parallel to the anterior central gyrus, reaching the central anterior gyrus 2/3, which we call the central pregyrus secondary gyrus to distinguish the precentral gyrus from the central precentral gyrus. From the morphological classification of the cerebral gyrus, the precentral gyrus at the 2,3 level is bending and turning most, the upper part of the frontal gyrus is the majority of the 3 grades, and the middle frontal gyrus and the lower frontal gyrus are mostly ring 5. The lateral cortex area was different in the left and right side of the frontal cortex, the upper frontal gyrus, the left and the right side of the inferior frontal cortex (P < 0.01). Most of the upper trenches were from the upper central sulcus or the rear, and more than 75%. were more than the 1,2 segment, the 3 segments appeared less than 17%, the upper trench was more than 50% in the frontal pole, and less than 25% at the frontal lobe 1/3. The lower frontal groove. From the anterior central sulcus 1/3 and 1/3 before the central sulcus, all were greater than 65%, ending in frontal 1/3, 43% in the left hemisphere, and 46%. in the right hemisphere.
Conclusion: the morphology of 1. cerebral gyrus can be used as one of the indexes of brain difference comparison. The morphological classification of cerebral gyrus can be compared. The position and shape of the precentral gyrus and the upper frontal gyrus are relatively constant, the morphological classification is lower, the middle frontal gyrus and the lower frontal gyrus are large, and the morphology of the frontal gyrus.2. is higher than the traditional form of cognition. In addition, the morphology of the cerebral gyrus can be influenced by other morphologies. The morphology of the cerebral gyrus, the morphology of the frontal lobe and the external structure of the brain,.3., the left of the cerebral hemisphere, the area of the right frontal cortex, the morphological level of the cerebral gyrus and the architecture of the cerebral gyrus are different.
【学位授予单位】：广西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R322

【参考文献】