基于有限元模型的男女乘员骨盆侧碰响应比较分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 22:26

本文选题：汽车安全 + 侧面碰撞　；参考：《天津科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国交通事故统计局数据显示,在有乘员损伤的交通事故中,侧面碰撞占了15%～20%；但乘员严重损伤甚至致命的事故中,侧面碰撞占了25%-30%。侧面碰撞中,乘员骨盆损伤非常常见,研究骨盆在侧面碰撞中的响应及损伤机理,有助于更好的改善汽车保护装置,提高乘员安全性。作为天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究项目：基于损伤机理和生物力学特征的髋关节建模及应用研究(10JCYBJC25900)内容之一,本研究拟构建50百分位中国男女骨盆的三维有限元模型,验证该模型的有效性,进行侧面碰撞仿真分析,研究骨盆在侧面碰撞中的损伤机理,并对比分析男女骨盆侧面碰撞响应的不同。本研究主要工作内容如下： 1、基于CT扫描图片,通过阈值分割提取骨盆的相关结构,利用逆向工程软件和网格划分软件,构建50百分位中国男性、女性的骨盆三维有限元模型,通过和尸体实验进行对比,验证了模型的有效性； 2、用该模型进行侧面碰撞仿真分析,结果显示侧面碰撞中髋臼、骶髂关节、耻骨支、耻骨联合处容易应力集中,易受到损伤； 3、进行男女骨盆侧面碰撞对比,结果显示男性骨盆能够承受的最大撞击力为4.62KN,女性为3.55KN,男性骨盆位移比女性骨盆位移小；女性骨盆在侧面碰撞中发生骨折的临界撞击力为3.0KN； 4、通过男女骨盆侧面碰撞响应的比较发现,由于骨盆存在很大的个体差异,利用有限元模型对骨盆损伤进行研究,应考虑到生理结构以及不同人群骨质密度的影响,以更真实的反应侧面碰撞中骨盆的损伤。对侧面碰撞中骨盆损伤的研究,有助于了解骨盆的损伤机理,为汽车被动安全装置的设计提供数据和参考,提高乘员的安全性,同时,为交通安全法规的制定及完善提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:According to data from the Bureau of Traffic Accidents Statistics, side collisions account for 1520 percent of accidents with crew injuries, but in accidents where passengers are seriously injured or even fatal, side collisions account for 25 to 30 percent. The injury of the occupant's pelvis is very common in the side impact. Studying the response and damage mechanism of the pelvis in the side impact is helpful to improve the vehicle protection device and improve the safety of the occupants. As one of the basic and cutting-edge technology research projects in Tianjin: modeling and application of hip joint based on injury mechanism and biomechanical characteristics, this study intends to construct a three-dimensional finite element model of 50 percentile Chinese male and female pelvis. The effectiveness of the model was verified and the mechanism of pelvic damage in lateral impact was studied by side impact simulation. The differences between male and female pelvic side impact responses were compared and analyzed. The main work of this study is as follows: 1. Based on CT scanning images, the pelvic structures were extracted by threshold segmentation, and the three-dimensional finite element model of 50 percentile Chinese male and female pelvis was constructed by reverse engineering software and meshing software. The results were compared with cadaveric experiments. The validity of the model is verified. 2. The results showed that acetabular, sacroiliac joint, pubic branch and pubic symphysis were easily concentrated and damaged in the side impact. The results showed that the maximum impact force of male pelvis was 4.62 KN, female was 3.55 KN, male pelvic displacement was smaller than female pelvic displacement, critical impact force of female pelvis fracture was 3.0 KN; 4. By comparing the lateral impact responses of male and female pelvis, it is found that due to the great individual difference in pelvis, the effects of physiological structure and bone density of different population should be taken into account in the study of pelvic injury by using finite element model. Pelvic injury in a more realistic side impact. The study of pelvic injury in side impact is helpful to understand the mechanism of pelvic injury, to provide data and reference for the design of passive safety device of automobile, and to improve the safety of occupants, at the same time, To provide scientific basis for the formulation and improvement of traffic safety laws and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：U467.14;R323.5

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