病毒学溢撒现象及离子型纤维吸附的研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 20:43

本文选题：病毒 + 组织均质化　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：病毒是一类结构简单,体积微小,只含单一核酸(DNA/RNA),严格细胞内寄生的非细胞型微生物。实验室人员处理带有病毒的感染性材料时稍有不慎即可导致实验室获得性感染(LAIs)事件的发生。在处理感染性材料时,溢撒形成的液滴和气溶胶可能通过呼吸道吸入或者消化道摄入而引发实验室感染。组织均质化是处理感染性材料的重要手段之一,同时,组织均质化过程中也极易产生溢撒现象,是实验室产生污染的主要原因之一。因此,感染性材料的组织均质化的实验活动过程存在极大的风险。虽然人们已经认识到组织均质化过程中存在溢撒风险,但是在操作过程中由溢撒产生的污染范围还未有研究。为了进一步探究感染性材料在组织均质化中产生的污染范围,我们用表达GFP的重组单纯疱疹病毒(rHSV)和健康小鼠的肝脏组织模拟感染性材料,使用实验室常用的超声和匀浆方式来评价组织均质化的污染范围,实验结果显示溢撒半径随着超声处理时间、功率和样本量的增加而增加,存在线性相关(F=96.933,p=0.000)；匀浆的溢撒半径也随着样本量和匀浆转速的增加随之增加(p0.05),样本量和匀浆转速与溢撒半径之间存在线性相关(F=30.67,p=0.000)。为定量判断感染性材料均质化带来的风险,以及均质化带来的污染风险的处理提供了一定的实验依据。实验室防护装备可有效阻断由操作感染性材料时的溢撒等带来的污染,从而降低实验操作感染性材料带来的风险,避免实验室感染事件的发生,因此,实验防护是确保实验室人员生物安全必不可少的条件之一。而实验防护隔离的有效性取决于病原微生物在防护装备上的生存能力和穿透性。如果能够阻止病原微生物穿透防护装备,而且降低病原微生物在防护装备上存活时间,势必降低实验室工作人员操作感染性材料带来的风险。因此,针对病原微生物表面所带电荷的特点,利用4种不同类型的离子型表面活性的聚丙烯纤维,分别与表达GFP的重组腺病毒(rADV)相互作用。实验结果发现离子型表面活性的聚丙烯纤维能有效吸附病原体。具有金属离子和两性表面活性的聚丙烯纤维具有更强的吸附能力,提示表面活性聚丙烯纤维可以成为实验室防护装置基础材料。
[Abstract]:The virus is a class of non-cellular microorganisms with simple structure, small volume, only single nucleic acid DNA / RNA / RNA, strict cell parasitism. Laboratory personnel handling infectious materials with viruses can lead to laboratory acquired infections (LAIsa). When dealing with infectious materials, droplets and aerosols from spills may cause laboratory infections through respiratory inhalation or ingestion of the digestive tract. Tissue homogenization is one of the most important methods to deal with infectious materials. At the same time, it is easy to produce spills in the process of tissue homogenization, which is one of the main causes of laboratory pollution. Therefore, there are great risks in the process of tissue homogenization of infectious materials. Although it has been recognized that there is spilling risk in the process of tissue homogenization, the extent of pollution caused by spilling has not been studied. To further investigate the extent of contamination caused by tissue homogenization of infectious materials, we used recombinant herpes simplex virus rHSV (rHSV), which expressed GFP, and the liver tissue of healthy mice to mimic infectious materials. The experimental results show that the spilling radius increases with the increase of ultrasonic treatment time, power and sample size, and there is a linear correlation between them. The spilling radius of homogenate also increased with the increase of sample size and rotation speed of homogenate, and there was a linear correlation between sample size and rotation speed of homogenate and spilling radius. It provides a certain experimental basis for quantitatively judging the risk caused by homogenization of infectious materials and the treatment of pollution risk caused by homogenization. Laboratory protective equipment can effectively block the pollution caused by the spilling of infectious materials, thus reducing the risk of laboratory operation of infectious materials and avoiding the occurrence of laboratory infection events. Experimental protection is one of the essential conditions to ensure the biosafety of laboratory personnel. The effectiveness of experimental isolation depends on the survival and penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in protective equipment. If we can prevent pathogenic microorganisms from penetrating protective equipment and reduce the survival time of pathogenic microorganisms on protective equipment, the risk of laboratory staff operating infectious materials will be reduced. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the surface charge of pathogenic microorganisms, four kinds of polypropylene fibers with different ionic surface activity were used to interact with the recombinant adenovirus (rADV) expressing GFP, respectively. The experimental results showed that polypropylene fiber with ionic surface activity could effectively adsorb pathogens. Polypropylene fiber with metal ion and amphoteric surface activity has stronger adsorption ability, suggesting that surface active polypropylene fiber can be used as the basic material of laboratory protective device.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R373

【共引文献】