原核细胞microRNA特性及其作用机制研究进展

发布时间：2018-08-12 08:53

【摘要】：microRNA为一类非编码小RNA,主要通过其种子序列(seed sequence,SS)与靶mRNA位于5′端的SS结合序列特异性结合后抑制靶mRNA转录或降解靶mRNA,从而在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达。microRNA首先发现于秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans),此后发现各种真核细胞均存在大量各种microRNA。真核细胞首先转录出microRNA前体,经剪切后成为21~23nt有功能的microRNA,大多与靶mRNA的3′端序列结合后引起靶mRNA翻译抑制或降解。近年不少细菌等原核细胞microRNA被发现,但原核细胞microRNA不需剪切即有活性,大小为50~400nt,其特性、作用位点和机制等也与真核细胞有一定差异。本文简要介绍真核和原核细胞基因表达调控主要机制、microRNA特点及其调控基因表达的机制,以期为深入研究原核细胞型病原微生物基因表达调控与致病机制奠定基础。
[Abstract]:MicroRNA is a class of non-coding small RNAs, mainly through its seed sequence (SS) and the target mRNA at the 5 'end of SS binding sequence specific binding inhibition of target mRNA transcription or degradation of target mRNAs, thus negative regulation of target gene expression. MicroRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. A large number of microRNAs were found in various eukaryotic cells after the discovery of (Caenorhabditis elegans),. Eukaryotic cells first transcribe microRNA precursors and then cut them into 21~23nt functional microRNAs, most of which bind to the 3'end sequence of the target mRNA and cause the target mRNA translation inhibition or degradation. In recent years, many prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, microRNA have been found, but the microRNA of prokaryotic cells is active without shearing, and its size is 50 ~ 400nt. Its characteristics, action sites and mechanisms are also different from those of eukaryotic cells. This paper briefly introduces the main mechanisms of gene expression regulation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and the mechanism of gene expression regulation by microRNA in order to lay a foundation for further study on gene expression regulation and pathogenicity of prokaryotic pathogenic microorganisms.
【作者单位】：温州医科大学检验医学院;杭州医学院基础医学部;浙江大学医学院病原生物学系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(81271893) 浙江省卫生高层次创新人才培养工程项目(2012-241)~~
【分类号】：R3416

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