四川地区不同年龄健康人肠道菌群的比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 11:02

【摘要】：人体肠道内数量巨大的微生物区系与宿主之间构成的微生态平衡可以保证机体各项生命活动的正常进行。若这种平衡破坏,出现菌群失调,将会引起许多相关疾病。因此,维持肠道微生态系统的平衡对于人类健康具有十分重要的生理意义。近年来,对于人类肠道菌群的研究日益受到人们的重视,大量研究表明,在肠道微生物与宿主共进化的过程中,无论是宿主内在的因素还是外在的环境因素共同影响着肠道菌群的定植及多样性组成,从而影响肠道微生态系统的平衡,因此,全面深入的研究肠道菌群与其影响因素之间的关系将会为如何维持肠道微生态系统的平衡提供非常重要的参考依据。本研究探讨人类生理年龄与肠道菌群的相关性。考虑到地域、饮食特性、健康状况、种族等因素对肠道菌群的影响,本研究以我国四川地区30名汉族健康志愿者的粪便样品为研究对象,志愿者处于不同的生理年龄期,分别为婴儿期、青年期及中年期,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术和实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR)技术等比较研究了三个不同生理年龄时期志愿者肠道菌群的差异。结果显示：肠道中短链脂肪酸及总胆汁酸代谢水平与人类生理年龄紧密相关；肠道菌群构成在不同生命时期存在差异,组内样品间也存在一定的差异,主要差异性菌种有绿脓假单胞菌、霉浆菌、缓症链球菌、大肠杆菌、假小链双歧杆菌等；不同生命时期肠道中优势菌群的数量不同,对于双歧杆菌,婴儿肠道中数量高于青年和中年,且高于其它6种优势菌群在人类肠道中的数量,对于乳杆菌、奇异菌、拟杆菌和梭菌,青年肠道中数量略高于中年,显著高于婴儿,对于脱硫弧菌和普拉梭菌,中年肠道中数量略高于青年,显著高于婴儿；肠道中优势乳杆菌类别主要是干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,三个组别之间无明显差异,与人类生理年龄相关性不大；肠道中优势双歧杆菌类别主要是角形双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌和短双歧杆菌,三个组别之间无明显差异,与人类生理年龄相关性不大；三个组别志愿者肠道中乳杆菌属类群构成差异比较明显,主要差异性菌种有食窦魏斯氏菌、明串珠菌、唾液乳杆菌、旧金山乳杆菌等；三个组别志愿者肠道中双歧杆菌属类群构成存在一定的差异,主要差异性菌种有两歧双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌等。综上所述,本研究表明处于不同生理年龄时期的健康人其肠道菌群存在差异。
[Abstract]:The microecological balance between microflora and host in human intestinal tract can ensure the normal life activities of the body. If the balance is broken and the flora is out of balance, it will cause many related diseases. Therefore, it is very important for human health to maintain the balance of intestinal microecosystem. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of human intestinal flora. A large number of studies have shown that in the process of co-evolution of intestinal microbes and hosts, Both internal and external factors of the host affect the colonization and diversity of the intestinal flora, thus affecting the balance of the intestinal microecosystem. Comprehensive and in-depth study of the relationship between intestinal flora and its influencing factors will provide a very important reference for how to maintain the balance of intestinal microecosystem. This study investigated the relationship between human physiological age and intestinal flora. Considering the influence of region, dietary characteristics, health status, race and other factors on intestinal flora, the feces samples of 30 healthy Han nationality volunteers from Sichuan area of China were studied. The volunteers were in different physiological ages. In infancy, adolescence and middle age, the differences of intestinal flora in volunteers of different physiological ages were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) (PCR (qPCR). The results showed that the metabolic level of short chain fatty acids and total bile acids was closely related to human physiological age, and the composition of intestinal flora was different in different life periods, and there were some differences among the samples in the group. The main diversity bacteria are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma sp., Streptococcus bradycari, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium pseudostrepta, and so on. The number of intestinal tract in infants was higher than that in youth and middle age, and higher than that of other 6 dominant bacteria in human intestinal tract. For Lactobacillus, Strange bacteria, Bacteroides and Clostridium, the number of intestinal tract in young people was slightly higher than that in middle age, which was significantly higher than that in infants. For Vibrio desulphurium and Clostridium pullulata, the number of intestinal tract in middle age was slightly higher than that in young ones, and significantly higher than that in infants, and the dominant Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum were dominant in intestinal tract. The dominant bifidobacterium in the intestinal tract were mainly horny bifidobacterium, bifidobacterium infantile, bifidobacterium elongatum and bifidobacterium brevis, and there was no significant difference among the three groups. There were significant differences in the composition of Lactobacillus group in the intestinal tract among the three groups of volunteers, including Weiss's bacteria in the edible sinuses, Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus saliva, Lactobacillus San Francisco and so on. There were some differences in the composition of bifidobacterium group in the intestinal tract of three groups of volunteers. The main different bacteria were bifidobacterium, bifidobacterium brevis, bifidobacterium puberty and so on. To sum up, the study showed that the intestinal flora of healthy people at different physiological ages was different.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TS252.1

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