不同类型身体活动的躯干肌群sEMG反应模式

发布时间：2018-10-25 07:03

【摘要】：研究背景：躯干肌群特指位于人体背部、腹部和盆骶等躯干部位的骨骼肌,参与躯干运动实现和脊柱稳定性维系等,在日常生活、工作、学习和劳动过程中发挥重要作用。研究表明,躯干肌群既是躯干运动的动力来源,同时部分躯干肌肉尤其是背部深层肌肉和腹部肌肉也是维系躯干和脊柱稳定的基本要素,躯干肌群运动控制障碍、肌肉力量减小和肌肉耐力减弱不仅影响躯干肌群乃至机体整体做功能力和做功效率,而且还与包括慢性腰痛等在内的多种脊柱相关疾病的发病密切相关。近年来,随着人类劳动和工作方式的转变,研究不同活动条件下躯干肌群基本活动规律,探讨躯干肌群中枢运动控制机制,已成为工程心理学、工程生理学和劳动卫生学等领域倍受关注的研究课题。目的：采用表面肌电信号分析技术,研究躯干肌群分别在完成意向性运动、反射性运动和形式化运动过程中表面肌电信号变化规律,探讨躯干肌肉活动的中枢运动控制策略。在此基础上,以搬举、疲劳和长期卧床为例,研究不同作业姿势、运动性肌肉疲劳和30天头低位卧床对躯干肌群活动水平、中枢运动控制和肌肉功能状态等方面的影响,深化躯干肌群人机工效学基础理论及其应用研究。方法：采用表面肌电信号分析技术,观察躯干肌群在完成随意前屈、后伸、左屈、右屈、左旋、右旋及不同负荷条件下表面肌电信号活动的基本规律,探讨躯干肌群随意运动控制策略；采用躯干肌群前馈控制研究范式,研究反射性运动条件下躯干肌群表面肌电信号活动特征,探讨主观心理预期效应和运动性肌肉疲劳对躯干肌群前馈控制作用的影响；采用表面肌电步态分析方法,研究步行速度和负荷重量对躯干肌群表面肌电活动的影响；选取四种常见搬举作业姿势,研究不同搬举姿势和负重对相关躯干肌群信号活动的影响；通过30天头低位卧床试验,研究限制运动对背伸肌MVC、腰部肌肉抗疲劳能力、突发加载下腰部肌肉快速反应时间及屈放松能力的影响。结果：(1)躯干在完成前屈和后伸运动时腰腹部肌肉表面肌电呈现对称活动现象,前屈时腰部多裂肌和腹横肌活动在负荷重量超过20%体重时出现明显增强；后伸时腹外斜肌活动随负荷增大明显增强；躯干在完成侧屈运动时腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌表面肌电呈现对称活动现象,而腹外斜肌呈现对侧增强效应；躯干旋转时多裂肌活动和腹外斜肌活动不存在单侧效应,而竖脊肌活动存在同侧增强效应,其活动也随负荷增加而增加；(2)步行速度对腰腿部肌肉表面肌电活动有明显影响,其中腿部肌肉肌电活动增强更明显,而负荷重量在30%体重以下对腰腿部肌肉表面肌电活动没有显著影响。(3)心理预期不影响突发失衡下的腰腹部肌肉快速反应时间及快速反应强度,肌肉疲劳可使同侧多裂肌和竖脊肌快速反应时间延长,其排序为：腹横肌多裂肌竖脊肌。肌肉疲劳使双侧多裂肌快速反应强度明显减小。(4)睁闭眼不影响突发失衡下的腰腿部肌肉快速反应时间及快速反应强度,有预期的情况下同侧胫骨前肌快速反应时间明显延长,突发失衡时异侧胫骨前肌快速反应时间最短、快速反应强度最大。胫骨前肌活动存在对侧增强现象,失衡时异侧胫骨前肌快速反应时间小于同侧胫骨前肌,而快速反应强度则大于同侧胫骨前肌,腓肠肌活动存在同侧增强效应,同侧腓肠肌快速反应强度大于异侧腓肠肌。(5)搬举作业过程中腹直肌不受搬举姿势和搬举重量的影响,随着搬举重量增加腰部多裂肌和腰部竖脊肌活动相应增加。右侧腰部多裂肌和右侧腰部竖脊肌受搬举姿势的影响,双膝弯曲的搬举姿势动用肌肉活动较小；(6)30天头低位卧床能够明显诱发受试者腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌屈放松消失现象,可使腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌的AEMGmvc下降36%和47%,使MPF下降率提高64%和56%,分别使腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌的快速反应时间延长21%和25%,但是用于观察主观心理预期作用的睁眼和闭眼因素并不构成对该两块肌肉运动控制的影响。结论：(1)躯干在完成意向性躯干运动时腰部多裂肌通过双侧协同收缩的控制策略维系脊柱稳定性；(2)人体在完成型式化步行运动时,腰腿部肌肉活动水平随步行速度加快而提高,其中以腿部肌肉活动增强更为明显；(3)主观心理预期对突发失衡条件下腰腹部肌肉快速反应时间及快速反应强度没有显著影响,但可以明显加快腿部同侧胫骨前肌的快速反应时间。(4)下肢突发失衡条件下,躯干稳定肌的活动早于躯干运动肌；(5)肌肉疲劳可使同侧腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌快速反应时间延长；(6)双膝弯曲的搬举作业姿势对躯干肌群活动水平影响较小,建议搬举作业应采用双膝弯曲的方式且搬举重量不宜超过60%体重；(7)30天头低位卧床能够造成受试者腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌肌电活动屈放松消失,并使腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌的MVC和抗疲劳能力大幅下降；能够是腰部多裂肌和竖脊肌快速反应时间明显延长,但睁闭眼不对肌肉快速反应时间产生影响。
[Abstract]:Background: The trunk muscle group refers to skeletal muscle, which is located on the back, abdomen and pelvic floor of human body. It plays an important role in daily life, work, study and labor. The study shows that the trunk muscle group is both the power source of the trunk motion, while the part of the trunk muscle, especially the deep muscular and abdominal muscles of the back, is the essential element to maintain the stability of the trunk and the spine, and the trunk muscle group movement control disorder, The decrease of muscle strength and weakening of muscle endurance affect not only the work ability and work efficiency of the trunk muscle group and even the whole body, but also closely related to the pathogenesis of a variety of spinal-related diseases, including chronic lumbago. In recent years, with the transformation of human labor and working methods, the basic activities of trunk muscle group were studied under different activity conditions, and the mechanism of central motion control of trunk muscle group was discussed. It has become an important research topic in the fields of engineering psychology, engineering physiology and labor hygiene. Objective: To study the changes of surface muscle electric signals in the course of intentional motion, reflex movement and formalization of the trunk muscle group, and to explore the central motion control of the trunk muscle activity by using the surface myoelectric signal analysis technique. Strategies. On the basis of this, the authors studied the effects of different working postures, exercise muscle fatigue and 30-day head lower lying in bed on the activity level, central motion control and muscle function status of the trunk muscle group in the cases of lifting, fatigue and long-term bed-bed. The Basic Theory of Ergonomics and Its Application to Deepen Trunk Muscle Group Methods: Surface EMG signal analysis was used to observe the basic rules of surface myoelectric signal activity under arbitrary anterior flexion, posterior extension, left flexion, right flexion, left-hand, right-hand, right-hand and different loading conditions, and to explore the random transportation of trunk muscle group. To investigate the effect of subjective psychological expectation effect and motor muscle fatigue on the feedforward control of trunk muscle group, and to study the effect of subjective psychological expectation effect and motor muscle fatigue on the feedforward control of trunk muscle group. The influence of walking speed and weight on the electrical activity of the surface muscle of the trunk muscle group was studied by state analysis method. Four kinds of common carrying posture were selected to study the effect of different lifting postures and weight on the signal activities of the related trunk muscle group. Extensor MVC, waist muscle fatigue resistance, sudden-loading lower lumbar muscle quick response time and flexor relaxation Results: (1) When the trunk was subjected to anterior and posterior flexion, the muscular surface of the lumbar muscles showed symmetrical activity. The increase of the load was obviously enhanced; when the trunk was subjected to lateral flexion movement, the muscle of the lumbar multi-split muscle and the surface muscle of the vertical spine showed symmetrical activity, while the extraabdominal oblique muscle exhibited a side enhancement effect; when the trunk was rotated, there was no unilateral effect on the activity of the multi-split muscle and the activity of the extraabdominal oblique muscle, and the activity of the vertical spine muscle There is the same side enhancement effect, and its activity increases with the increase of load; (2) the walking speed has a significant effect on the electrical activity of the muscle surface of the waist and legs, in which the electrical activity of the leg muscles is enhanced more clearly, and the weight of the load is below 30% of the body weight. There is no significant effect on the activity. (3) The psychological expectation does not affect the rapid reaction time and rapid reaction strength of the waist and abdomen under the sudden imbalance, and the muscle fatigue can prolong the rapid reaction time of the multi-split and vertical ridges on the same side, which is sorted as: abdomen. Muscle fatigue to rapid double-side multiple-fissure muscles The reaction intensity is obviously reduced. (4) the rapid reaction time and the rapid reaction intensity of the waist and leg muscles under the sudden imbalance are not influenced by the eyes open, and the rapid reaction time of the anterior muscle of the lateral tibia is obviously prolonged when the sudden imbalance is expected, and the rapid reaction time of the anterior muscle of the isoside tibia is shortest when the burst is out of balance, The rapid response intensity is the largest. The anterior muscle activity of the tibia has a side enhancement phenomenon, the rapid response time of the anterior muscle of the isoside tibia is less than that of the anterior tibial muscle of the same side, and the rapid reaction intensity is greater than that of the anterior muscle of the same side. The anterior muscle activity of the same side is stronger than that of the anterior muscle of the same side, and that of the same side is stronger than that of the lateral tibial muscle. (5) During the lifting operation, the abdominal straight muscle is not affected by the lifting posture and the lifting weight, There is a corresponding increase in the activity of the spine muscles. The right lumbar multi-fissure and right lumbar spine muscles are affected by the lifting posture, and the double-knee-bending lifting posture uses less muscle activity; (6) the 30-day head lower bed can obviously induce the multi-lobed and vertical ridges on the waist of the subject. The disappearance of muscle flexor was reduced by 36% and 47%, and the decrease rate of MPF was increased by 64% and 56%, respectively. 21% and 25% long, but the eye-opening and eye-closing factors used to observe the intended action of subjective psychology do not constitute a pair of the two muscles Conclusion: (1) The trunk is able to maintain the stability of the spine by the double-side co-contraction control strategy when the trunk movement is completed; (2) When the human body completes the pattern-based walking movement, the muscles of the waist and leg muscles are active. (3) The subjective psychology is expected to have no significant influence on the rapid reaction time and the rapid reaction strength of the muscle of the waist and abdomen under the condition of sudden imbalance, but the same side of the leg can be obviously accelerated. The rapid response time of the anterior tibial muscle. (4) Under the condition of lower limb burst, the activity of the trunk stabilizing muscle is earlier than that of the trunk muscle; (5) muscle fatigue can prolong the rapid reaction time of the multi-split and vertical ridges on the same side; and (6) the double-knee-bending lifting operation posture is human. The effect of the activity level of the dry muscle group is relatively small. It is suggested that the lifting operation should adopt a double-knee bending mode and the lifting weight should not exceed 60% of the body weight; (7) the 30-day head lower bed can cause the electrical activity of the lumbar multi-lobed and vertical ridges of the subject to relax and disappear, and the MV of the lumbar multi-fissure and the vertical spine muscles can be reduced. C and anti-fatigue capacity dropped significantly; it could be a significant extension of the rapid response time of the lumbar multi-split muscle and the vertical spine muscle, but the eyes were open to the muscle.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R363

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