光遗传学技术——控制神经元活动的“开关”

发布时间：2019-05-10 02:50

【摘要】：光遗传学技术利用转基因重组病毒,将能够分别选择性地使阳离子或阴离子透过细胞膜的光敏感通道蛋白等可见光控蛋白表达在神经元细胞膜上;使用不同波长和频率的脉冲激光照射可使这些蛋白分别兴奋,引起阳离子或阴离子跨过细胞膜流动,导致由神经元的膜电位变化引起的兴奋或抑制,即通过光控蛋白给神经元装上开关,用激光照射控制神经元活动的"开"与"关",达到选择性控制神经元活动的目的。该项技术具有独特的高时空分辨率和细胞类型特异性两大特点,克服了传统上使用电刺激控制细胞或有机体活动的诸多缺点,为神经科学提供了一种全新的研究手段。使用光遗传学技术开展研究,能够使我们更好地了解神经通路和局部环路以及神经系统疾病的发病机制,推动我们对人脑奥秘的了解和神经科学的进步。
[Abstract]:By using transgenic recombinant virus, photogenetic technique will be able to selectively express visible light-controlled proteins such as photosensitive channel proteins such as cations or anions through the cell membrane. Irradiation with pulse lasers of different wavelengths and frequencies can excite these proteins, causing cations or anions to flow across the cell membrane, resulting in excitement or inhibition caused by changes in the membrane potential of neurons. That is, through the light control protein to install the switch to the neuron, uses the laser irradiation to control the neuron activity "on" and "off", achieves the goal of selectively controlling the neuron activity. This technique has two unique characteristics of high spatial-temporal resolution and cell type specificity, which overcome many shortcomings of traditional use of electrical stimulation to control the activity of cells or organisms, and provides a new research method for neuroscience. The use of photogenetics technology can make us better understand the neural pathway and local loop, as well as the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases, and promote our understanding of the mysteries of the human brain and the progress of neuroscience.
【作者单位】：广西医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室;第四军医大学基础部人体解剖学教研室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(81371239)
【分类号】：R338

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