存在主义视域下谭恩美作品的主题嬗变

发布时间：2019-05-11 12:01

【摘要】：美国华裔作家谭恩美是一个独具风格的小说家。自1989年她的第一部长篇小说《喜福会》(The Joy Luck Club)出版并被改编为电影以来，伴随着另外几部作品的相继出版与发表，她的声望与影响日渐扩大。她以其创作视角独特、内容意义深远而成为美国华裔作家的典范。在谭恩美的五部代表性长篇小说中，书写了“华裔边缘女性的生存困境”、“生存困境中的自由选择”以及“现代人的精神异化与拯救之路”，蕴含着深遂而丰富的人性、真诚而深厚的情感，一次次震撼着中外读者，让人们在命运存在与人性异化的沉浮中，去思索和挖掘生活的深度以及探寻生命存在的真谛。存在主义哲学，即是一种人的存在，一种自我的存在，一种作为意志行动主体的个人的存在和生存，，在此过程中，人通过自为的存在这种自我精神和意识对自在的存在不断地进行否定和超越，并指导主体的个人在实际的行动中不断地进行自由选择，不断地超越自身，同时在对自身行为负责的过程中获得真实的自我存在和自我本质。本文选取谭恩美的三部代表性文本《喜福会》、《灶神之妻》和《拯救溺水鱼》作为研究对象，试图在文本细读的基础上，运用存在主义的理论来探讨其作品中所蕴藉的深层结构，从中开掘谭恩美作品中人的“存在”价值及其意义。除引言和结论，本论文共分为五章。第一章主要介绍了作者谭恩美的生平及其主要作品，阐述了作品的内容及创作主题，梳理国内外关于谭恩美小说的研究概况，并提出自己择取的存在主义理论研究视角，即运用存在主义理论对其作品进行分析研究。第二章介绍了存在主义的起源及法国存在主义大师萨特与存在主义的渊源，并阐述了萨特的存在主义的几个主要观点。第三章详细阐述了谭恩美的处女作《喜福会》中所蕴含的存在主义思想——主体生存观。作品中的母亲与女儿所经历的生存困境由于她们对待生活的态度的不同而存在着差异，导致了她们走向对命运的追问、对存在价值的探寻之路。第四章分析了《灶神之妻》这部作品中所蕴含的存在主义主题——自由选择观。主人公在面对荒谬的世界、生活中的苦难及人与人之间的矛盾冲突时所表现出的勇敢和担当，使人们知道人的命运应该掌握在自己手中，只有真正为自己的自由选择承担责任的人才能成就未来。第五章阐述了《拯救溺水鱼》作品中所蕴含的存在主义主题——人性异化观。作品中生活在美国上流社会的现代人由于精神的异化导致了真实自我与理想化自我之间的疏离，爱的缺失和精神上的迷茫使他们产生困惑，所以他们在困境中寻找着自我拯救之路。
[Abstract]:Amy Tan, an American Chinese writer, is a novelist with a unique style. Since her first novel, Joy Luck Club (The Joy Luck Club), was published and adapted into a film in 1989, her reputation and influence have been expanding with the publication and publication of several other works. She has become a model of Chinese American writers because of her unique creative perspective and far-reaching content. In Amy Tan's five representative novels, she writes "the Survival Dilemma of Chinese marginal Women", "Free Choice in the Survival Dilemma" and "the way of spiritual alienation and Salvation of Modern people", which contain profound and rich human nature. Sincere and profound feelings shock Chinese and foreign readers again and again, allowing people to think about and excavate the depth of life and explore the true meaning of life in the ups and downs of fate and alienation of human nature. Existentialism philosophy, that is, a kind of human existence, a kind of self-existence, a kind of individual existence and survival as the subject of will action, in this process, Through the self-spirit and consciousness of self-existence, man constantly negates and surpasses the existence of freedom, and guides the individual of the subject to make free choices and surpass himself in his actual actions. At the same time, in the process of being responsible for their own behavior, we can obtain the real self-existence and self-nature. In this paper, Amy Tan's three representative texts, Joy Luck Club, Kitchen God's wife and Saving drowning Fish, are selected as the research objects, and on the basis of careful reading of the text, This paper probes into the deep structure contained in her works by using the theory of existentialism, and excavates the value and significance of human existence in Amy Tan's works. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the author Amy Tan's life and his main works, expounds the content and creation theme of the works, combs the general situation of the research on Amy Tan's novels at home and abroad, and puts forward the perspective of existentialism theory that she chooses. That is, using existentialism theory to carry on the analysis and research to his works. The second chapter introduces the origin of existentialism and the origin of French existentialist master Sartre and existentialism, and expounds several main viewpoints of Sartre's existentialism. The third chapter expounds in detail the existentialism thought contained in Amy Tan's maiden work Joy Luck Club-the concept of subject existence. The living predicament experienced by mothers and daughters in the works is different because of their different attitudes towards life, which leads them to inquire about fate and explore the value of existence. The fourth chapter analyzes the existentialist theme of the wife of Kitchen God-the view of free choice. The courage and responsibility of the protagonist in the face of the absurd world, the suffering in life and the contradictions and conflicts between people make people know that the fate of human beings should be in their own hands. Only those who truly choose to take responsibility for their own freedom can achieve the future. The fifth chapter expounds the existentialist theme of saving drowning fish-the view of human nature. Due to the alienation of spirit, the modern people living in the upper American society lead to the alienation between the real self and the idealized self, and the lack of love and the confusion of the spirit make them confused. So they are looking for a path to self-salvation in their plight.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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