膝关节后外侧解剖与MRI的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 10:57

本文关键词： 膝关节后外侧 MRI 解剖　出处：《中国医科大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：前言膝关节后外侧结构静力装置包括腓侧副韧带、乆肌腱、乆腓韧带、弓状韧带、豆腓韧带,尤以前3者最为重要,其功能在于膝关节静止时限制胫骨外旋和后移以及膝关节的内翻;动力装置包括股二头肌腱、髂胫束、腓肠肌外侧头,其功能在于膝关节运动时除了屈膝以外还协同静力装置限制胫骨外旋及膝内翻,大大加强了后外侧的稳定性。它们的损伤将导致后外侧旋转不稳定,如果没有早期正确的诊断和治疗将出现明显的功能丧失,是前、后交叉韧带重建失败的最常见原因。膝关节后外侧旋转不稳定的物理检查在损伤初期难以发现,从而难以进行准确的诊断。由于后外侧结构解剖非常复杂,各解剖成份间的关系难以理解,所以这一部分的MRI诊断多被忽视。本研究结合临床选择了腓侧副韧带、乆肌腱、乆腓韧带、股二头肌腱、髂胫束等5个结构进行解剖、测量,找出MRI与正常解剖的相关性,筛选出最佳的MRI检查定位方法及条件,以便临床中很好地应用MRI诊断后外侧结构的损伤。材料和方法 1 材料与解剖测量本实验选用固定的成人尸体膝关节标本10个、新鲜膝关节标本4个。所有标本留有的骨组织和软组织距关节线近端至少15cm,远端至少20cm。解剖辨认乆肌及其腱的起点,乆腓韧带、腓侧副韧带、股二头肌腱在腓骨止点以及髂胫束在股骨外髁和Gerdy结节的止点,进行原始的解剖测量明确这些结构间的解剖关系。 2 腓骨颈长轴的确定以及MRI中各结构倾斜角度的测定在冠状面和矢状面MRI中选择完整显示腓骨茎突和腓骨颈的层面作
[Abstract]:Foreword The posterolateral structure of the knee joint consists of the peroneal collateral ligament, the tendon, the peroneal ligament, the arcuate ligament and the lenticononeal ligament, especially the former 3. Its function is to restrict the external rotation and backward movement of the tibia and the varus of the knee joint when the knee joint is still. The power device includes biceps femoris tendon, iliotibial tract, and lateral head of gastrocnemius. This greatly enhances posterolateral stability. Their injuries can lead to instability in the posterolateral rotation, with significant functional loss without early correct diagnosis and treatment. The most common cause of the failure of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical examination of the instability of posterolateral rotation of the knee joint is difficult to detect in the early stage of injury, so it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. The anatomy of the posterolateral structure is very complicated. The relationship between the anatomical components is difficult to understand, so this part of MRI diagnosis is ignored. This study combined with clinical selection of the peroneal collateral ligament, the tendons, the peroneal ligament, the peroneal ligament, the biceps femoris tendon. Five structures of iliotibial tract were dissected and measured to find out the correlation between MRI and normal anatomy, and to screen out the best MRI examination method and conditions. So that MRI can be used to diagnose the injury of posterolateral structure. Materials and methods 1 material and anatomical measurement In this experiment, 10 fixed adult cadaveric knee joints and 4 fresh knee joints were selected. The bone tissue and soft tissue left in all the specimens were at least 15cm from the proximal end of the articular line. Anatomically identify the origin of the muscle and tendon, the peroneal ligament, the peroneal collateral ligament, the biceps femoris tendon at the fibula and the iliotibial tract at the distal end of the femoral condyle and Gerdy's nodule. Primitive anatomical measurements were performed to determine the anatomical relationship between these structures. 2 determination of the long axis of fibula neck and determination of the inclination angle of each structure in MRI Selection of complete fibula styloid process and fibula neck in coronal and sagittal MRI
【学位授予单位】：中国医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R684;R322

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