颈椎前方手术入路的解剖观测与临床意义

发布时间：2018-04-18 17:38

本文选题：颈椎 + 手术入路　；参考：《吉林大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目前,经颈椎前方入路进行手术已被广泛用于治疗颈椎创伤、炎症、退变性疾病、肿瘤及畸形等多种疾病。但是,由于颈椎前方毗邻结构极为复杂,且多为重要结构,有颈部大血管、气管、食管、甲状腺、喉返神经、胸导管、颈交感干等。所以,颈段手术大多风险高、难度大,且手术要求高,一旦出现意外,其并发症多较严重,甚至引起瘫痪及死亡等致命的后果。因此要求术者对颈椎前方的局部解剖知识要有较好的掌握。否则有可能发生严重的并发症。而国内外针对该入路的相关解剖学资料尚有欠缺,需要经颈椎前路进行手术减压的患者有逐渐增多的趋势,为进一步阐明该部位的局部解剖结构,探索该手术入路的优越性,为颈椎前方手术入路提供更为安全的解剖显露方式,因此我们开展了相关的解剖学研究。本研究通过20具经福尔马林固定的成人尸体标本,对经颈椎前方手术入路进行颈部手术时所涉及到的重要的血管、神经和胸导管等进行了系统的观测,主要观测了重要血管、神经和胸导管的起止、走行、分支以及和颈椎的对应关系,对测得的数据进行科学的统计分析,以期对经颈椎前方手术入路时所涉及到的重要结构有一个清晰的、系统的认识,为临床进行颈椎前方的手术提供安全可靠的解剖学依据。
[Abstract]:At present, anterior cervical approach has been widely used in the treatment of cervical trauma, inflammation, degenerative diseases, tumors and deformities.However, the anterior adjacent structures of cervical vertebrae are very complicated, and most of them are important structures, such as large cervical vessels, trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, recurrent laryngeal nerve, thoracic catheter, cervical sympathetic trunk and so on.Therefore, most of the cervical surgery is high-risk, difficult, and the operation requirements are high, once an accident, its complications are more serious, and even lead to paralysis and death and other fatal consequences.Therefore, the local anatomical knowledge of the anterior cervical vertebrae should be well understood.Otherwise, serious complications may occur.However, the related anatomical data of this approach are still lacking at home and abroad, and the patients who need anterior cervical decompression have a tendency to increase gradually. In order to further elucidate the local anatomical structure of this site and explore the superiority of the surgical approach,Therefore, we have carried out anatomical studies to provide a safer anatomical exposure for anterior cervical vertebrae approach.In this study, 20 formalin fixed adult cadavers were used to systematically observe the important blood vessels, nerves and thoracic catheters involved in cervical anterior cervical surgery.Starting and stopping of nerve and thoracic duct, walking, branching and corresponding relationship with cervical vertebrae, scientific statistical analysis of the measured data, in order to have a clear and systematic understanding of the important structure involved in the transcervical anterior surgical approach.To provide a safe and reliable anatomical basis for clinical anterior cervical surgery.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R687.3;R322

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