中国重要库蚊属蚊虫传播西尼罗病毒的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 07:09

本文选题：西尼罗病毒 + 三带喙库蚊　；参考：《中国人民解放军军事医学科学院》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus，WNV)属于黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)黄病毒属(Flavivirus)，它所引起的人类西尼罗热或西尼罗脑炎，，是一种由蚊虫传播的自然疫源性疾病。WNV自1937年首次分离得到后，仅在非洲、西亚、中东等地区流行。上个世纪90年代以来，WNV流行区域扩大，在人群中的爆发频率上升。特别是1999年在美国纽约首次爆发的WNV感染，标志该病毒扩散到了西半球，并且迅速蔓延。自1999年至2005年美国共报告病例19450例，其中8261例表现为神经系统症状；10702例为西尼罗热；487例无特征性临床症状：666例死亡。美国周边的国家如加拿大、墨西哥、古巴、多米尼加共和国等也发生流行，成为严重威胁人类健康的疾病，并且伴随着人群发病有非常高的鸟类的病死率。因此，WNV感染成为一个新的公共卫生问题。据报道，能够自然感染或实验感染、传播WNV的蚊虫媒介涉及库蚊属(Culex)、伊蚊属(Aedes)、轲蚊属(Coquillettidia)、按蚊属(Anopheles)、骚扰蚊属(Ochlerotatus)等11个属的70多种蚊虫。研究证明，不同地区的主要媒介蚊虫各不相同；同一种蚊虫不同的地理株对于WNV的易感性及传播作用也有所不同。我国地域广大，有大量的鸟类栖息地和候鸟越冬地，存在WNV随候鸟进入我国的途径；国家间家禽、动物的贸易存在WNV自港口输入的可能性；以往的血清学调查结果表明有WNV存在的可能；并且，国外研究证实能够感染和传播WNV的蚊虫种类在我国也有广泛的分布，在一定程度上中国有发生WNV爆发的风险。因此，急需对中国相关蚊虫对WNV的易感性和传播作用进行研究，确定潜在媒介的种类，以便制定针对WNV潜在媒介的有效防控方案。本研究以我国重要库蚊属蚊虫：三带喙库蚊(Cx．tritaeniorhynchus)、凶小库蚊(Cx．modestus)、淡色库蚊(Cx．pipiens pallens)和致倦库蚊(Cx．pipiens quinquefasciatus)为对象，在实验室条件下，用含有WNV的人工感染血餐饲喂受试蚊虫，通过细胞接种分离病毒、免疫荧光检测病毒抗原和RT-PCR检测病毒核酸等方法检测蚊虫体内病毒，确定受试蚊虫对WNV的易感性。进一步进行经口传播实验，使感染实验后饲养一定时间的蚊虫刺叮易感动物来亨鸡，检测来亨鸡是否被
[Abstract]:The Siniro virus (West Nile virus, WNV) belongs to the yellow virus (Flavivirus) family of the family yellow virus (Flavivirus). It causes human West Nile fever or West Nile encephalitis. It is a natural epidemic disease transmitted by mosquitoes,.WNV, which was first isolated in 1937, and is popular only in Africa, Western Asia and the Middle East. Since 90s last century, W NV epidemic areas are expanding and the frequency of outbreak in the population increases. Especially in 1999, the first outbreak of WNV infection in New York, United States, marked the spread of the virus to the Western Hemisphere and spread rapidly. From 1999 to 2005, 19450 cases were reported in the United States, of which 8261 were characterized by nervous system symptoms; 10702 cases were West Nile fever; 487 cases were no special. Clinical symptoms: 666 cases of death. The countries around the United States, such as Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and the Republic of Dominica, have also become popular and become a serious threat to human health and are accompanied by a very high mortality rate of very high birds. Therefore, WNV infection has become a new public health problem. It is reported to be able to do so. When infected or experimentally infected, the mosquito vectors that spread WNV involve the genus Culex (Culex), Aedes (Aedes), Coquillettidia, Anopheles (Anopheles), and harassing mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus) in 11 genera of more than 70 mosquitoes. Studies have shown that the main vectors in different regions are different; the same species of mosquitoes are different to WNV. The susceptibility and transmission function are also different. China has a vast territory, a large number of bird habitats and migratory birds overwintering, there is a way for WNV to enter our country with migratory birds; the trade of poultry and animals between countries exists in the possibility of WNV input from the port; the previous serological survey shows the possibility of the existence of WNV; and foreign research evidence The species of mosquitoes that can infect and spread WNV are also widely distributed in China. To some extent, there is a risk of outbreak of WNV in China. Therefore, it is urgent to study the susceptibility and transmission of the related mosquitoes to WNV in China, to determine the types of potential media, so as to formulate an effective prevention and control scheme for the potential media of WNV.
In this study, the mosquitoes of the genus Culex in China: three (Cx.tritaeniorhynchus), Culex Culex (Cx.modestus), Culex pipiens pallens (Cx.pipiens pallens) and Culex pipiens pipiens (Cx.pipiens)
Quinquefasciatus) under the condition of the laboratory, the tested mosquitoes were fed with the artificial infected blood meal containing WNV, the virus was inoculated by the cells, the immunofluorescence detection of virus antigen and the RT-PCR detection of virus nucleic acid were used to detect the virus in the mosquitoes, and the susceptibility of the tested mosquitoes to the WNV was determined. Further transoral transmission experiments were carried out. After feeding the experiment, the mosquitoes were injected for a certain period of time.

【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军军事医学科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R384

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