颅外段副神经及舌下神经的解剖学研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 13:09

本文选题：副神经 + 舌下神经　；参考：《郑州大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的本研究的目的是获得关于颅外段副神经、舌下神经的详细解剖学资料,明确其与周围结构的空间定位关系,为临床手术提供形态学和局部解剖学依据。方法选取国人成人头颅标本10具(20侧),经福尔马林固定,并红色乳胶灌注。按颈部分区逐一解剖各颈三角,显露副神经、舌下神经颅外部分的全程。在解剖过程中,仔细观测副神经、舌下神经及毗邻结构。解剖过程中所有解剖步骤均照相记录。结果 1、副神经出颈静脉孔后分为脑根(即内支)和脊髓根(即外支)。脑根直接并于迷走神经干或结状神经节。脊髓根紧贴颈内静脉下行,于茎突及颈内静脉形成的夹角内穿出茎突部深面。继续下行,于二腹肌后腹下缘处穿出,最大外径1.58mm。副神经在二腹肌后腹下缘处55%(11/20)越过颈内静脉浅面,45%(9/20)经颈静脉深面至其后缘。继续下行,60%(12/20)穿入胸锁乳突肌;40%(8/20)副神经主干在胸锁乳突肌深面行走,并在胸锁乳突肌中上1/3稍靠上发出分支支配胸锁乳突肌。副神经继续向外下穿出胸锁乳突肌后缘,穿出点距耳大神经出胸锁乳突肌后缘出点上方11.08±2.44(7.60-15.20)mm浅出。而后走在颈后三角区,100%副神经在肩胛提肌表面,中间隔一椎前筋膜。副神经向下、后、外方直行,60%(12/20)副神经在进入斜方肌前与该肌前缘平行下行后入该肌;40%(8/20)与斜方肌前缘呈角进入该肌;进入点在斜方肌前缘中下1/3交界处,进入斜方肌并发分支。
[Abstract]:Purpose The purpose of this study was to obtain the detailed anatomical data of the extracranial accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve, and to clarify the spatial localization relationship between them and the surrounding structures, and to provide the morphological and local anatomical basis for clinical operation. Method Ten adult head specimens were fixed with formalin and infused with red latex. The cervical triangle was dissected one by one according to the division of the neck to expose the accessory nerve and the extracranial part of the hypoglossal nerve. During anatomy, the accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and adjacent structures were carefully observed. All anatomical steps were recorded. Result 1. The accessory nerve was divided into brain root (internal branch) and spinal cord root (external branch) after jugular foramen. The root of the brain is located directly in the vagus trunk or in the ganglion. The root of the spinal cord follows the internal jugular vein and penetrates the deep side of the styloid process in the angle between the styloid process and the internal jugular vein. It continued to descend and was perforated at the lower margin of the posterior abdomen of the bicentric muscle, with a maximum external diameter of 1.58 mm. The accessory nerve crossed the superficial surface of the internal jugular vein at 55 / 20 at the lower margin of the posterior ventral part of the bicentral muscle and passed through the deep side of the jugular vein to the posterior edge of the jugular vein. The accessory nerve trunk walks on the deep side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and a third of the upper third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The accessory nerve continued to perforate the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle under the external direction, and the point from the posterior edge of the greater auricular nerve to the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was 11. 08 卤2.44(7.60-15.20)mm shallow. Then 100% accessory nerve was located in the posterior cervical trigonometry on the surface of the levator scapularis muscle with an intervertebral fascia. The accessory nerve enters the trapezius muscle at an angle to the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle and enters the trapezius muscle at the lower third of the trapezius anterior edge at the point of entry at the lower third of the trapezius muscle.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R322

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