弓形虫慢性感染动物模型的研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 00:27

本文选题：动物模型 + 弓形虫　；参考：《第一军医大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种专性细胞内寄生的机会性致病原虫，能引起人兽共患的弓形虫病(Toxoplasmosis)，弓形虫宿主非常广泛，但不同的动物对弓形虫的易感性、感染后的症状及转归均有不同。选择适宜的动物建立模型，关系着研究工作的成败。弓形虫自然感染多表现为隐性感染，因此建立慢性感染状态的动物模型对人类弓形虫病的防治研究具有更大的实用价值。而且，缺乏良好的慢性感染动物模型，已成为目前弓形虫病诊断及疫苗评价等研究的重要制约因素之一，亟待解决。因此，探索建立弓形虫慢性感染动物模型，意义重大。弓形虫RH株是强毒株，小鼠对其极为敏感。小鼠腹腔或皮下接种感染后，未加治疗，可引起急性的致死性感染。因此，小鼠常作为弓形虫急性感染的动物模型。国内有人研究了大鼠在妊娠时感染不同虫株对其子代的影响，实验表明，与弱毒株Fukaya株相比，妊娠早中期感染强毒株RH株弓形虫，子鼠受到的不利影响更大。据报道，RH株速殖子经口感染小鼠，尽管消化道的酸、碱、酶等对游离的速殖子有一定的破坏杀灭作用，但一定数量的速殖子仍可通过消化道途径感染侵入肠道组织，且有些小鼠可不发生急性的致死性弓形虫感染。由于小鼠具有饲养方便、繁殖快、易于实验操作、经济等特点，因此，建立弓形虫RH强毒株慢性感染小鼠模型具有重要的实际意义。大鼠与人类感染弓形虫的情况比较接近，感染后也多表现为隐性(亚临床)感染。因而，大鼠模型能更好地模拟人类感染弓形虫后的状况，对研究人类弓形虫感染的免疫学作用、母婴传播，以及进行疫苗和诊断试剂的研发，意义重大。国内外有许多研究者运用大鼠进行弓形虫病的研究，但多选用一些弱毒株
[Abstract]:Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasma gondii) is an opportunistic protozoa that is parasitic in specific cells. Toxoplasma gondii can cause Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii has a wide range of hosts, but the susceptibility, symptoms and outcome of Toxoplasma gondii to Toxoplasma gondii are different in different animals. The choice of appropriate animal models is related to the success or failure of the research work. The natural infection of Toxoplasma gondii is a recessive infection, so the establishment of animal model of chronic infection has more practical value for the prevention and treatment of human toxoplasmosis. Moreover, the lack of a good animal model of chronic infection has become one of the most important factors in the diagnosis and vaccine evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the establishment of animal model of chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii RH strain is a virulent strain, and mice are extremely sensitive to it. Acute fatal infection can be caused by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation of mice without treatment. Therefore, mice are often used as animal models of acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii. The effects of infection of different insect strains on the offspring of rats during pregnancy were studied in China. The results showed that infection of RH strain Toxoplasma gondii in early and second trimester of pregnancy was more harmful than that of attenuated strain Fukaya. It was reported that tachyzoites of RH strain were infected by mouth in mice. Although acid, base and enzyme of digestive tract can destroy and kill free tachyzoites, a certain number of tachyzoites can still infect intestinal tissue through digestive tract pathway. And some mice may not develop acute fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection. Because the mice have the characteristics of convenient breeding, rapid reproduction, easy to experiment and operation, economic, so it is of great practical significance to establish the model of chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. The infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in rats was similar to that in human beings, and it also showed recessive (subclinical) infection after infection. Therefore, the rat model can better simulate the human status after infection with Toxoplasma gondii, and it is of great significance to study the immunological effects of human toxoplasma infection, mother-to-child transmission, and research and development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents. There are many researchers at home and abroad who use rats to study toxoplasmosis, but most of them use some attenuated strains.
【学位授予单位】：第一军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R-332

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