体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为心肌样细胞的实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 12:11

【摘要】：实验背景心肌细胞不可逆性死亡及纤维瘢痕增生，是心血管病患者心功能进行性恶化甚至死亡的重要原因之一。药物治疗、介入治疗和心外冠脉搭桥术不能逆转坏死的心肌，因此不能治愈严重心肌损伤的心衰患者，临床疗效局限。心脏移植由于受供体和费用的限制，也难以广泛开展。近年来对干细胞理论及技术研究的逐渐深入，发展速度超然，已经取得了初步的实验成果。这些重要发现为修复和重建病损心肌提供了很好的基础。目前国内外研究证实多种胚胎及成体干细胞在适当的培养环境中加入某种有效成份时可在体外诱导分化为心肌样细胞。自体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)具有操作简单，取材方便，无免疫排异性，还具有很好的增殖和多向分化潜能及伦理学优势，，因此MSCs逐渐成为生命科学领域研究的重点。大量研究证实MSCs在体外可经化学物质诱导分化为心肌样细胞，但因为对MSCs心肌样细胞化的分子调机制不完全明确，所以目前尚未发现某一种化学物质能特异性地诱导MSCs全部向心肌样细胞分化，这些都为MSCs的临床应用造成困难，很有必要进行进一步的深入探讨。如果能够把MSCs高质量的诱导分化为心肌细胞，并以此修复坏死心肌组织，将具有广阔的医疗前景。目的
[Abstract]:Background Cardiac myocyte irreversible death and fibrous scar hyperplasia are one of the important causes of cardiac function deterioration and death in patients with cardiovascular disease. Drug therapy, interventional therapy and extracardiac coronary artery bypass grafting can not reverse the necrotic myocardium, so can not cure the heart failure patients with severe myocardial injury. Heart transplantation is also difficult to develop widely due to donor and cost constraints. In recent years, the research on stem cell theory and technology has gradually deepened and developed at an extraordinary speed, and preliminary experimental results have been obtained. These important findings provide a good basis for repairing and rebuilding diseased myocardium. Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that a variety of embryonic and adult stem cells can be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro by adding some active components in the appropriate culture environment. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) has the advantages of simple operation, convenient material selection, no immune exclusion, good proliferative and multidirectional differentiation potential and ethical advantages. Therefore, MSCs has gradually become the focus in the field of life science. A large number of studies have confirmed that MSCs can be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells by chemical substances in vitro, but the molecular modulation mechanism of MSCs cardiomyocytogenesis is not completely clear. So far, it has not been found that a certain chemical can specifically induce the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells, which makes it difficult for the clinical application of MSCs, it is necessary to further study. If MSCs can be induced into cardiomyocytes with high quality and can repair the necrotic myocardial tissue, it will have a broad medical prospect. Purpose
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R329.2

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