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淮南地区食用菌孳生粉螨研究

发布时间:2018-11-24 12:45
【摘要】:目的 研究食用菌中粉螨孳生情况以及食用菌粉螨的生物多样性。了解与食用菌粉螨接触人群中粉螨性变态反应性疾病的流行情况。 方法 对淮南地区栽培的6种食用菌及其菌种、培养料中孳生的粉螨分别采用直接镜检法、电热集螨法和避光爬附法进行分离、制片,鉴定螨种;并采用Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数,计算其物种丰富度、物种多样性和物种均匀度。对60名菇房工人进行皮肤点刺试验和血清粉螨特异性IgE抗体测定。 结果共分离出粉螨5种,隶属于3科4属。不同食用菌中粉螨孳生群落参数也有所不同,平菇中粉螨孳生密度最高(11.836只/g),白灵菇中最低(1.372只/g);香菇中孳生粉螨的丰富度最高(Rmargalef=0.842),鸡腿蘑中最低(Rmargalef=0.240);香菇中孳生粉螨的多样性最高(H'=2.255),平菇中最低(H'=2.163);白灵菇中孳生粉螨的均匀度最高(J=3.248),香菇中则最低(J=1.401)。一年中粉螨的物种丰富度指数为0.502~0.982,其中四月份最高,八月份最低;物种多样性指数为1.606~1.683,其中三四月份最高,一月份最低;物种均匀度指数为1.003~1.469,其中一二月份最高,十一月份最低。研究组60名菇房工人中SPT阳性者10名(16.7%),对照组60名健康者中SPT阳性者3名(5.0%),二组比较有显著性差异(x~2=4.227,p0.05)。研究组中血清特异性IgE阳性有7例(11.7%),对照组中血清特异性IgE阳性有1例(1.7%),二组比较有显著性差异(x~2=4.821,P0.05)。 结论 食用菌中有一定的粉螨孳生,应引起食用菌栽培者的注意,并可根据其孳生特点采取相应的防制措施。菇房工人粉螨性变态反应感染率明显低于以往报道,但仍需必要的劳动保护。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the breeding and biodiversity of acaroid mites in edible fungi. To understand the prevalence of acaroid allergy disease in the population exposed to edible fungus acaroid mites. Methods six kinds of edible fungi and their species were isolated from Huainan area. The acaroid mites which were bred in the culture materials were separated by direct microscopic examination, electrothermal mite collection method and light-avoiding climbing method, respectively, and the mites were isolated, sliced and identified. Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were used to calculate species richness, species diversity and species evenness. Skin prick test and serum specific IgE antibody of acaroid mites were carried out in 60 mushroom room workers. Results A total of 5 species of acaroid mites were isolated, belonging to 3 families and 4 genera. The population parameters of acaroid mites in different edible fungi were different, and the density of acaroid mites in Pleurotus ostreatus was the highest (11.836 / g),) and the lowest (1.372 / g);). The diversity of acaroid mites was the highest in Lentinus edodes (Rmargalef=0.842), the lowest in Coprinus comatus (Rmargalef=0.240), and the highest in Lentinus edodes (Hf2. 255), and the lowest in Pleurotus ostreatus (H0. 2. 163). The homogeneity of acaroid mites was the highest (JN 3.248) and the lowest in Lentinus edodes (JN 1.401). The species richness index of acaroid mites in one year was 0.5020.982, the highest in April, the lowest in August, and the highest in March and April and the lowest in January. The index of species evenness was 1.003 and 1.469, with the highest in January and February and the lowest in November. The positive rate of SPT was 16. 7% in 60 mushroom room workers in the study group and 3 (5. 0%) in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Serum specific IgE was positive in 7 cases (11.7%) in the study group and 1 case (1.7%) in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion there is a certain breeding of acaroid mites in edible fungi, which should attract the attention of the cultivators of edible fungi and take corresponding control measures according to its breeding characteristics. The infection rate of acaroid hypersensitivity in mushroom house workers is obviously lower than that reported in the past, but it still needs necessary labor protection.
【学位授予单位】:安徽理工大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2006
【分类号】:R383

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