小脑前下动脉（AICA）与小脑上动脉（SCA）的显微解剖

发布时间：2019-01-06 04:56

【摘要】： 目的了解小脑前下动脉、小脑上动脉的显微解剖特点及其变异特征,明确小脑前下动脉、小脑上动脉与相邻颅骨、颅神经的比邻关系与供血范围,为临床该区域的小脑肿瘤外科手术、微血管减压术及介入手术等提供解剖学依据。方法利用40具80侧福尔马林固定的硬脑膜完整的成人脑标本,对AICA及SCA进行显微解剖,观察、测量、统计血管的数目,走行、分支情况及其与周围神经的关系。结果小脑前下动脉管径在0.48～2.32mm之间,平均(1.15±0.41) mm,平均每侧1.16支。AICA起自BA上、中、下1/3段的比例分别为5.4%、22.6%和72%。约64.5%的AICA在面听神经前分为内、外侧支。短干型AICA约占7.5%,长干型约占14%,约5.4%的AICA发育不良。SCA管径在0.4～2.5mm之间,平均(1.36±0.37)mm。5.9%的SCA发自同侧PCA,其中尚发现1例发自P2段。SCA形成尾袢63支,其中与三叉神经接触的21支,占33.3%。结论小脑上动脉和小脑前下动脉存在较大变异,与周围的三叉神经、面听神经关系密切,熟悉颅底血管的显微外科解剖,重视血管的复杂变异,会在很大程度上帮助神经外科医师提高该区域手术的安全性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the microanatomical characteristics and variation characteristics of anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery, and to determine the adjacent relationship and blood supply range of anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery and adjacent skull, and cranial nerve. To provide anatomic basis for the surgery of cerebellar tumor, microvascular decompression and interventional surgery. Methods 40 adult brain specimens fixed with formalin on 80 sides of dura mater were dissected microdissected, observed, measured, and counted the number of blood vessels, the course, the branches and their relationship with peripheral nerves. Results the diameter of anterior inferior cerebellar artery was between 0.48~2.32mm with an average of (1.15 卤0.41) mm, (1.16 branches per side). The proportion of AICA from BA, middle and lower 1 / 3 segment was 5.4% and 72%, respectively. About 64.5% of AICA were divided into medial and lateral branches in anterior facial auditory nerve. The short stem type AICA accounted for about 7.5%, the long stem type about 14%, about 5.4% of the AICA dysplasia. The diameter of SCA tube was between 0.4~2.5mm, the average SCA of (1.36 卤0.37) mm.5.9% originated from the ipsilateral PCA,. Among them, 1 case was found from P2 segment. 63 caudal loops were formed by SCA, of which 21 were in contact with trigeminal nerve, accounting for 33.33.3. Conclusion the superior cerebellar artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery have great variation, which are closely related to the peripheral trigeminal nerve and facial acoustic nerve. They are familiar with the microsurgical anatomy of the cranial base vessels and attach importance to the complex variation of the vessels. Will greatly help neurosurgeons to improve the safety and reliability of the operation in the region.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R322

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