我国白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊传播西尼罗病毒的实验研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 19:46

【摘要】：西尼罗病毒(West Nile Virus，WNV)属于黄病毒科(Flavixiridae)黄病毒属(Flavivirus)及乙脑抗原复合组，它可引起人类的西尼罗热或西尼罗脑炎(West Nile Fever／West Nile Encephalitis)，该病是一种由蚊虫传播的重要的自然疫源性疾病。西尼罗病毒在全球的分布比较广泛，主要分布于非洲、中东、西亚和欧洲南部的一些国家。1999年美国纽约爆发了西尼罗热，引起了人们的普遍的关注，提出西尼罗病毒的扩散是一个新的全球性的公共卫生问题。现阶段针对西尼罗病毒仍无有效的疫苗进行预防，控制媒介蚊虫成为预防及控制西尼罗热爆发的主要手段，因此研究蚊虫传播西尼罗病毒就受到重视，其中兼吸人血和鸟血的蚊虫如白纹伊蚊等对西尼罗病毒的传播研究尤其受到重视。目前，野外分离及实验室的多项研究均证明白纹伊蚊等多种蚊虫可以传播西尼罗病毒(Mcimosh Jupp，1982；Turell et al，2001；等等)，迄今在我国仍未见到白纹伊蚊等蚊虫传播西尼罗病毒方面的研究报道；此外，由于白蚊伊蚊的卵能以滞育的形式度过诸多不良环境，因此西尼罗病毒能否在白纹伊蚊的滞育卵内存活并传递也具有重要意义，研究发现西尼罗病毒能经卵传递(Baqar et al，1993)，但对能否在白纹伊蚊滞育卵内存活并传递却未见研究报道。 本研究以埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊4个地理株为对象，经口感染大剂量WNV，经过12-14天的饲养，再进行传播实验，用RT-PCR、C6／36细胞分离病毒及IFA检测蚊虫体内及被感染蚊虫刺叮的来亨鸡体内的病毒，计算各试验蚊虫的感染率和传播率，以期证实西尼罗病毒在我国的潜在伊蚊媒介以及白纹伊蚊不同地理株在传播西尼罗病毒中的作用；同时收集经口感染病毒的白纹伊蚊的三个生殖营养周环的卵，在实验室条件下模拟冬季相对低温、短光照(4℃、L／D=8／16)及干燥的自然环境条件(50％RH、75％RH)，诱导部分卵滞育，另一部分采用实验室常规保存条件，在常温条件下给以干燥处理(25℃、75％ RH、L／D=14／10)，利用RT-PCR、C6／36细胞
[Abstract]:West Nile virus (West Nile Virus,WNV) belongs to (Flavivirus) and Japanese encephalitis antigen complex group of (Flavixiridae), which can cause (West Nile Fever/West Nile Encephalitis), of West Nile fever or encephalitis of West Nile in humans. The disease is an important natural epidemic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. The West Nile virus is widely distributed around the world, mainly in some countries in Africa, the Middle East, West Asia and southern Europe. In 1999, the outbreak of West Nile fever in New York, the United States, caused widespread concern. The spread of West Nile virus is a new global public health problem. At this stage, there is still no effective vaccine for the prevention of the West Nile virus, and the control of vector mosquitoes has become the main means of preventing and controlling the outbreak of West Nile fever. Therefore, the study on the transmission of West Nile virus by mosquitoes has received much attention. Both human and bird blood-sucking mosquitoes, such as Aedes albopictus, have been paid special attention to the study of the transmission of West Nile virus. At present, field isolation and laboratory studies have shown that many mosquitoes, such as Aedes albopictus, can transmit the West Nile virus (Mcimosh Jupp,1982;Turell et al,2001;). So far, there are no reports on the transmission of West Nile virus by Aedes albopictus and other mosquitoes in China. In addition, since the eggs of Aedes albopictus can pass through many adverse environments in the form of diapause, it is of great significance whether the West Nile virus can survive and transmit in the diapause eggs of Aedes albopictus, It has been found that West Nile virus can transmit (Baqar et al,1993 through eggs, but there is no report on whether it can survive and transmit in diapause eggs of Aedes albopictus (Aedes albopictus). In this study, 4 geographical strains of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were used to study the transmission of high-dose WNV, by mouth after 12 days of feeding, and then the transmission experiment was carried out with RT-PCR,. Virus isolation and IFA were used to detect the virus in mosquitoes and infected Leghorn chickens. The infection rate and transmission rate of mosquitoes in each test were calculated. In order to confirm the potential vector of West Nile virus in China and the role of different geographical strains of Aedes albopictus in the transmission of West Nile virus; At the same time, the eggs of three reproductive cycles of Aedes albopictus infected by Aedes albopictus were collected and simulated under laboratory conditions such as relative low temperature in winter, short light (4 鈩，

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