无菌大鼠的人工培育及相关实验研究
发布时间：2019-03-30 13:00
【摘要】：无菌动物是不携带包括细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫等任何外源生命形式的动物。其研究起源于19世纪的法国科学家巴斯德,他研究了宿主和肠道菌群之间的关系后认为:肠道菌群对于宿主的生存是极为重要的,如果没有肠道菌群,宿主的生命维持将是不可能的。他实质上依据的是“适者生存”的进化论观点。 无菌动物的研究和建立,经历了一段漫长的过程。1895年Kijanizin在无菌代谢试验笼内饲养家兔,饲喂无菌饲料和水,但兔的体重却逐渐下降最后死亡。同年Nuttal和Thierfelder将剖腹产获得的无菌豚鼠饲养于玻璃罩内,人工哺乳灭菌牛奶和纯动物性饲料共计8天,动物外观健康,其肠内容物没有检测出细菌。直到20世纪40年代美国圣母大学Lobund实验室的Reyniers等人培育出无菌大鼠和无菌鸡,并能连续传代,证实高等动物能够在没有外源性生物的情况下正常生存。 第一个无菌大白鼠群是美国Lobund小组于1951年建立的。我国由王荫槐等人于1991年也曾培育成无菌大鼠,但是未见建立种群的报导。国内现在没有培育无菌大鼠。 普通的环境中存在大量的微生物,无菌动物必须饲养在一个完全不含有微生物的空间内。这样的空间在自然界内是不存在的,必须人为建造。这种人自己创造的并能够保证无菌的装置命名为隔离器。随着无菌动物研究的开展,无菌动物的饲养装置也不断地改进。1928年美国圣母大学细菌学实验室的Reyniers研制出
[Abstract]:Aseptic animals are animals that do not carry any form of exogenous life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Pasteur, a 19th-century French scientist who studied the relationship between the host and the intestinal flora, believes that intestinal flora is extremely important for the survival of the host, if there is no intestinal flora. The life of the host will not be possible. He is essentially based on the evolutionary point of view of the survival of the fittest. The study and establishment of aseptic animals went through a long process. In 1895, Kijanizin raised rabbits in the cage of aseptic metabolism test, fed aseptic feed and water, but the weight of rabbits gradually decreased and died. In the same year, Nuttal and Thierfelder raised the aseptic guinea pig produced by caesarean section in a glass cover and fed milk and animal feed for 8 days. The appearance of the animal was healthy, and no bacteria were detected in the intestinal contents of the guinea pig. It was not until the 1940s that Reyniers et al., from Lobund Laboratory, Notre Dame University, United States, developed sterile rats and sterile chickens, and passed on continuously, which proved that higher animals could survive normally without exogenous organisms. The first sterile rat colony was established in 1951 by the Lobund team in the United States. The aseptic rats were also bred by Wang Yinhu and others in China in 1991, but there is no report of establishing a population. No sterile rats have been bred in China. There are a large number of microorganisms in the ordinary environment, aseptic animals must be kept in a space that does not contain microorganisms at all. Such spaces do not exist in nature and must be built artificially. The device, created by the man himself and guaranteed to be sterile, is named the isolator. Along with the development of aseptic animal research, aseptic animal feeding equipment has been continuously improved. In 1928, Reyniers of Notre Dame University of the United States developed the bacteriological laboratory.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R-332
本文编号：2450099
[Abstract]:Aseptic animals are animals that do not carry any form of exogenous life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Pasteur, a 19th-century French scientist who studied the relationship between the host and the intestinal flora, believes that intestinal flora is extremely important for the survival of the host, if there is no intestinal flora. The life of the host will not be possible. He is essentially based on the evolutionary point of view of the survival of the fittest. The study and establishment of aseptic animals went through a long process. In 1895, Kijanizin raised rabbits in the cage of aseptic metabolism test, fed aseptic feed and water, but the weight of rabbits gradually decreased and died. In the same year, Nuttal and Thierfelder raised the aseptic guinea pig produced by caesarean section in a glass cover and fed milk and animal feed for 8 days. The appearance of the animal was healthy, and no bacteria were detected in the intestinal contents of the guinea pig. It was not until the 1940s that Reyniers et al., from Lobund Laboratory, Notre Dame University, United States, developed sterile rats and sterile chickens, and passed on continuously, which proved that higher animals could survive normally without exogenous organisms. The first sterile rat colony was established in 1951 by the Lobund team in the United States. The aseptic rats were also bred by Wang Yinhu and others in China in 1991, but there is no report of establishing a population. No sterile rats have been bred in China. There are a large number of microorganisms in the ordinary environment, aseptic animals must be kept in a space that does not contain microorganisms at all. Such spaces do not exist in nature and must be built artificially. The device, created by the man himself and guaranteed to be sterile, is named the isolator. Along with the development of aseptic animal research, aseptic animal feeding equipment has been continuously improved. In 1928, Reyniers of Notre Dame University of the United States developed the bacteriological laboratory.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R-332
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 王荫槐;剖腹产人工哺乳净化用哺乳工具的制作与应用[J];中国比较医学杂志;2003年02期
2 程水生,木内吉宽;无菌动物技术管理——无菌小鼠繁殖管理与监测[J];中国兽药杂志;1998年03期
，本文编号：2450099
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