下颌管的解剖结构与牙种植关系的研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 20:41

【摘要】： 目的：研究下颌骨实体标，本并经过测量了解下颌骨的解剖规律；研究正常人下颌骨的解剖特点以及下颌管的走行规律和位置关系和解剖结构，提出防治下牙槽神经受损伤的方法，尤其是对牙槽嵴萎缩的老年患者实施牙种植术提供了可能性，扩大了牙种植的适应症，为临床牙种植提供了可靠的参考数据以及解剖学依据。方法：选取15具牙列完整的成人离体下颌骨标本和5具经过动脉血管内灌注的新鲜标本，测量下颌骨在每个牙位截面上有关牙槽嵴以及下颌管的相关数据，然后进行统计学分析。结果：牙槽嵴顶以及下方10mm宽度有前向后逐渐增宽；牙槽嵴由上向下逐渐增宽；下颌管位于下颌骨体内下方走行中偏舌侧，，并近下颌骨下缘，在下颌第一、二磨牙区下颌管走行与下颌下缘成平行状，在近颏孔时才转向外和向颊侧出颏孔；下颌管内血管位于下牙槽神经之上。结论：对下颌管进行离体标本多断面的观察和测量，能直观逼真的反应了牙种植区颌骨的质量，以及下颌管在各个方向上的空间位置，为牙种植手术前设计提供准确可靠的依据，使得临床医师能更好的制定手术方案，提高牙种植的成功率，预防领骨侧壁穿孔等并发症的发生。牙种植术中按正常解剖方位并且侧重颊侧骨板操作，可避免损伤下牙槽神经。如果术中下颌管内突然涌出大量新鲜血，则提示继续手术可能损伤下牙槽神经。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the anatomical regularity of mandible by measuring the mandible. To study the anatomic characteristics of the mandible, the relationship between the position and the course of the mandibular canal, and the anatomical structure of the mandibular canal, and put forward the methods to prevent and treat the injury of the inferior alveolar nerve, especially for the elderly patients with atrophy of the alveolar ridge. The indication of dental implant was expanded, which provided reliable reference data and anatomical basis for clinical dental implant. Methods: fifteen adult mandible specimens with complete dentition and 5 fresh specimens perfused through artery were selected to measure the relevant data of mandibular ridge and mandibular canal on each cross section of mandible. Then statistical analysis was carried out. Results: the width of 10mm at the top and bottom of alveolar ridge gradually widened from top to bottom, and the width of alveolar ridge gradually widened from top to bottom. The mandibular canal is located in the lower part of the mandible and moves in the middle of the tongue, and near the lower edge of the mandible. In the first and second molar region of the mandible, the mandibular canal moves parallel to the lower edge of the mandible, and then turns outward and out of the buccal side of the mental foramen when it is near the mental foramen. The vessels in the mandibular canal are located above the inferior alveolar nerve. Conclusion: the multi-section observation and measurement of the mandibular canal in vitro can directly and realistically reflect the quality of the jaw in the dental implant area and the spatial position of the mandibular canal in various directions. To provide accurate and reliable basis for preoperative design of dental implant, so that clinicians can make better operation plan, improve the success rate of dental implant, and prevent the occurrence of complications such as perforation of lateral wall of the neck bone. In order to avoid injury of inferior alveolar nerve, normal anatomic position and emphasis on buccal osseous plate should be used in dental implant. If a large amount of fresh blood suddenly flowed into the mandibular canal during the operation, it was suggested that the inferior alveolar nerve might be damaged by continuing operation.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R322;R783

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