双任务情境下孤独症儿童执行功能研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 13:23

本文关键词： 孤独症执行功能双任务　出处：《宁夏医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:比较孤独症儿童在双任务情境下的执行功能差异,探究孤独症儿童与正常儿童执行功能间的差异,探讨孤独症患病的危险因素,进一步对孤独症儿童的康复训练提出意见建议。方法:运用自我延迟满足任务、反向择物任务、图片工作记忆卡片、心理旋转任务、昼/夜stroop和手部游戏任务测查48名孤独症儿童和48名年龄性别相匹配的正常儿童的执行功能能力,并设置高低音频组作为双任务探测模式,比较孤独症儿童双任务处理能力,和孤独症儿童与正常儿童之间的执行功能差异;运用Logistic回归分析孤独症发病影响因素;运用one-way ANOVA分析不同孤独症康复机构的患儿执行功能差异。结果:⑴孤独症儿童与正常儿童的执行功能的任务得分和任务用时上均存在显著差异(P0.05);⑵孤独症儿童执行功能任务得分在高低音频组间无差异(P0.05),任务用时存在差异,高音频刺激时孤独症儿童需更多时间完成任务(P0.05);⑶工作记忆、心理灵活性和抑制控制对执行功能总分有预测作用(β=1.864,P0.001;β=-0.323,P0.05;β=0.978,P0.05);⑷孤独症儿童在低音频刺激下5-6岁时的抑制控制得分显著高于7-8岁组(P0.05),在高音频刺激下3-4岁的工作记忆得分显著低于7-8岁组(P0.05);⑸不同康复机构间孤独症儿童在低音频听觉干扰下的执行功能的总体能力和心理灵活性存在差异(F=7.567,P0.001;F=5.156,P0.05);⑹孕期接触有毒化学物质[2.309(2.035-49.772)],多次怀孕生产[1.158(1.296-7.821)]以及新生儿缺氧抢救史[2.135(0.923-77.392)]可能是孤独症发病的危险因素。结论:⑴孤独症儿童的执行功能显著弱于正常儿童,当其孤独症量表评分越高时,其执行功能越差;⑵孤独症儿童双任务处理能力较弱,高音频刺激的听觉干扰会显著影响其任务完成;⑶5-6岁可能是孤独症儿童抑制控制能力的黄金培养年龄;7-8岁可能是孤独症儿童在双任务情境下既能应对听觉干扰,又能较好完成工作记忆的显著发育年龄;⑷不同机构间孤独症儿童的执行功能水平不同,应当加强对孤独症康复机构的管理与培训,提升各机构的孤独症康复训练水平;⑸孕期接触有毒化学物质,多次生产以及新生儿缺氧抢救是孤独症发病的危险因素。建议:⑴加强与完善孤独症康复机构的管理制度,提升康复机构的业务水平和培训能力;⑵培养孤独症儿童的双任务处理能力,加强对孤独症儿童的执行功能的康复训练,还可使用高音频刺激作为条件反射纠正孤独症儿童的不适当行为;⑶政府、医院、社区等机构应加强孤独症的相关知识宣传工作,使更多的孕妇在孕期远离孤独症发病危险因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to compare the difference of executive function between autistic children and normal children, and to explore the risk factors of autism. Further suggestions on rehabilitation training of autistic children were put forward. Methods: using self-delayed gratification task, reverse task, picture work memory card, mental rotation task, Day / night stroop and hand play task were used to test the executive functional ability of 48 autistic children and 48 normal children matched with age and gender, and the high and low audio frequency group was set up as a dual task detection mode to compare the dual task processing ability of autistic children. The difference of executive function between autistic children and normal children was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of executive function between children with different autism rehabilitation institutions. Results there were significant differences in task score and task duration between autistic children and normal children. There was no difference in the score of energy task between high and low audio groups (P 0.05), but there was a difference in the duration of task use. Autistic children need more time to complete their tasks under high audio frequency stimulation. Psychological agility and inhibition control had predictive effects on the total score of executive function (尾 -1.864n P0.001; 尾 -0.323P0.05; 尾 -0.978U P0.05P0.05). The scores of inhibition control of autistic children aged 5-6 years under low audio stimulation were significantly higher than those of the 7-8 age group (P0.055.The scores of working memory in 3-4 years of age after high audio stimulation were significantly higher than those in children aged 7-8 years old). The overall ability and psychological flexibility of autistic children in different rehabilitation institutions under low audio frequency interference are different. There are differences in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of autistic children under low audio frequency interference. There are differences in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of autistic children under the age of 7-8 years old. There is a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of the executive function of autistic children in different rehabilitation institutions. There is a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of children with autism under low audio hearing interference. There is also a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of children with autism. There is a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of children with autism. The history of anoxia rescue of newborn children [2.135 (0.923-77.392)] may be the risk factor of autism. Conclusion the executive function of children with autistic children is significantly weaker than that of normal children. The higher the score of autism scale, the weaker the executive function of children with autism was. The auditory interference of high audio stimulation can significantly affect the task completion of children aged 35 to 6 years may be the golden age of autistic children's inhibition and control, and the age of 7 to 8 years may be that autistic children can cope with auditory interference in a dual task situation. The significant developmental age in which working memory can be achieved is that the executive function of autistic children is different among different institutions. Therefore, the management and training of autism rehabilitation institutions should be strengthened. To raise the level of rehabilitation training for autism in various institutions. (5) exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy, multiple births and anoxia rescue of newborns are the risk factors for autism. It is suggested that the management system of autism rehabilitation institutions should be strengthened and improved by 1: 1. To enhance the operational level and training ability of rehabilitation institutions and to develop the dual task handling ability of autistic children, and to strengthen the rehabilitation training for the executive functions of autistic children, We can also use high frequency stimulation as conditioned reflex to correct inappropriate behavior of autistic children. Government, hospital, community and other institutions should strengthen the work of promoting the knowledge of autism so as to make more pregnant women stay away from risk factors of autism during pregnancy.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R749.94

【参考文献】