2005年至2014年中国7～18岁儿童青少年营养不良流行现状及趋势变化分析

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:53

  本文关键词： 营养不良 生长迟缓 消瘦 儿童青少年 中国　出处：《北京大学学报(医学版)》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的:了解2005年至2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年营养不良的流行现状及其变化趋势,为改善学生的营养状况提供依据。方法:利用2005年、2010年和2014年3次"中国学生体质与健康调研"数据,按照2014年颁布的国家卫生标准《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T456-2014),对中国31个省市自治区(除港澳台)7~18岁儿童青少年的营养不良检出率分性别、分年龄、分地区和省市自治区以及年份进行分析,西藏自治区为藏族学生,其他30个省市自治区均为汉族学生。结果:2014年中国7~18岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率为10.0%,其中生长迟缓、中重度消瘦、轻度消瘦分别为0.8%、3.7%、5.5%,较2005和2010年营养不良检出率分别下降了5.0和2.6个百分点,其中生长迟缓、中重度消瘦、轻度消瘦分别下降1.0、1.8、2.2个百分点和0.4、1.1、1.2个百分点;2014年7~18岁男生营养不良检出率高于女生(11.1%vs.8.9%),乡村高于城市(11.0%vs.9.1%),7~9岁、10~12岁、13~15岁和16~18岁4个年龄段的检出率分别为10.5%、9.0%、9.1%、11.5%,东、中、西部分别为9.0%、9.2%和11.7%;我国学生营养不良主要以轻度消瘦为主,汉族和藏族学生的生长迟缓检出在营养不良中仅占到8.0%和7.5%;2005年至2014年的3次调查中,中国7~18岁汉族和藏族学生的营养不良检出率均逐次下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);2005年至2014年全国31个省市自治区男女生的营养不良检出率较高,多集中在西南地区,东部省市自治区营养不良检出率较低;与2005年和2010年相比,2014年全国31个省市自治区营养不良检出率均出现下降,且营养不良检出率较高的地区逐渐减少,检出率较低的地区逐渐增多。结论:2005年至2014年全国31个省市自治区的7~18岁儿童青少年的营养不良检出率呈持续下降趋势,但总体检出率仍然较高,以消瘦型营养不良为主,生长迟缓检出率低,西南地区各省市自治区营养不良检出率较高。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the prevalence and trend of malnutrition among children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years from 2005 to 2014 in China. Methods: using the data of Chinese students' physique and health survey on 2005, 2010 and 2014. According to the National Health Standard "Standards for malnutrition screening of school-age children and adolescents" issued in 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Taiwan and 7 years old) was divided by sex and age, according to WSR / T 456-2014. By region, province, province, autonomous region and year, Tibet Autonomous region was a Tibetan student, while the other 30 provinces and cities and autonomous regions were all Han nationality students. Results: in 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years was 10.0, including growth retardation. Moderate and severe emaciation and mild wasting were 0.8% and 3.77%, respectively, which were 5.0 and 2.6 percentage points lower than those of 2005 and 2010, respectively. In 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition in boys aged 718 was higher than that in girls (11.1vs.8.9), and in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (11.0vs.9.1g). The detectable rates of mild emaciation were 10.55.09.0% for 1315 years old and 10.59.15 years old for 1315 years and 1618 years old, respectively. In the west, 9.02% and 11.7am, respectively. The main causes of malnutrition in our country were slight wasting. The growth retardation of Han nationality and Tibetan students accounted for only 8.0% and 7.5% of the malnutrition, and in the three surveys from 2005 to 2014, The prevalence rate of malnutrition among Han and Tibetan students aged 7 to 18 years in China decreased one by one, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). From 2005 to 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among male and female students in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China was higher, mostly in southwest China. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in eastern provinces and autonomous regions was lower than that in 2005 and 2010. In 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China decreased, and the prevalence rate of malnutrition decreased gradually in the areas with higher malnutrition rates. Conclusion: from 2005 to 2014, the prevalence rate of malnutrition among 718 year old children and adolescents in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China showed a continuous downward trend, but the overall detection rate was still relatively high, mainly in the form of wasting malnutrition. The detection rate of growth retardation was low, and the rate of malnutrition was higher in provinces, cities and autonomous regions of Southwest China.
【作者单位】： 北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所;宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系;
【基金】：全国学生体质与健康调研项目资助~~
【分类号】：R723.2
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本文编号：1543137