急性下呼吸道感染患儿流行病学特征的调查分析

发布时间：2018-03-06 19:51

本文选题：小儿　切入点：急性下呼吸道感染　出处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的回顾性调查分析急性下呼吸道感染患儿流行病学特征,为急性下呼吸道感染患儿的预防治疗提供参考。方法选取2014年1月-2015年8月收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿320例,对其给予对症、营养支持等治疗,分析患儿临床特点及预后。结果 320例急性下呼吸道感染患儿所患疾病主要为肺炎、毛细支气管炎、支气管炎、气管炎,分别占73.44%、14.06%、8.12%、4.38%;调查320例患儿中,256例送检呼吸道分泌物,46例检出病毒,检测阳性率17.97%,143例检出细菌,检测阳性率为55.86%,共分离出病毒48株,细菌158株;0~1、2~7、8~12岁患儿病毒检出阳性率分别为17.92%、8.24%、4.35%,冬春季与夏秋季病毒检出阳性率分别为17.92%、7.41%,不同年龄、季节下呼吸道感染患儿病毒检出阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);0~1、2~7、8~12岁患儿细菌检出阳性率分别为52.83%、30.59%、21.74%,冬春季与夏秋季细菌检出阳性率分别为50.00%、34.26%,农村与城镇患儿细菌检出阳性率分别为48.31%、38.05%,对不同年龄、季节、居住环境的下呼吸道感染患儿细菌检出阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);320例患儿经积极治疗后总有效率为95.63%。结论急性下呼吸道感染患儿疾病以肺炎多见,病原体以呼吸道合胞病毒、革兰阴性菌为主,病毒感染与患儿年龄及发病季节关系密切,细菌感染与患儿年龄、发病季节、居住环境关系密切。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ARI) retrospectively and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infection. Methods 320 cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection were selected from January 2014 to August 2015. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of 320 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed. Results the main diseases were pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, and bronchitis. The virus was detected in 256 cases of respiratory secretions in 46 cases, the positive rate was 17.97 and 143 cases, the positive rate was 55.86%, and 48 strains of viruses were isolated. The positive rate of virus detection in 158 strains of bacteria was 17.922 ~ 8.24 and 4.35 respectively in children aged 12 years old. The positive rates of virus detection in winter, spring and summer and autumn were 17.92 and 7.41, respectively. The positive rates of virus detection in children with lower respiratory tract infection in different ages and seasons were compared. The positive rates of bacteria in children aged 12 years were 52.833 and 30.590.59 respectively. The positive rates of bacteria in winter, spring, summer and autumn were 50.004.260.The positive rates of bacteria in rural and urban children were 48.31and 38.05, respectively. For different ages and seasons, the positive rates of bacteria detected in different ages, seasons, seasons, and seasons, were higher than those in urban areas, and the positive rates of bacteria in children in rural and urban areas were 48.31% and 38.05 respectively, and the positive rates of bacteria in winter, spring, summer and autumn were 48.31and 38.05, respectively. The positive rate of bacteria detection in children with lower respiratory tract infection in living environment was significantly different. The total effective rate of 320 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection after active treatment was 95.633.Conclusion pneumonia is the most common disease in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens. The virus infection was closely related to the age of the children and the onset season, and the bacterial infection was closely related to the age, the onset season and the living environment of the children.
【作者单位】：南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院儿科一病区;
【分类号】：R725.6

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