吉林市中小学生超重与肥胖的流行现状及其与体型自我评价的一致性研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:46

本文选题：中小学生　切入点：BMI　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通过对吉林市城乡各个年级中小学生身高体重的测量及对体型认知的调查,掌握吉林市中小学生超重与肥胖的流行现状,分析体型自我评价与BMI评价的一致性,深入剖析影响中小学生超重与肥胖及体型认知偏差的主要原因和存在问题,有针对性地提出建议,为相关部门制定完善的干预措施提供参考依据。方法:采取分层、整群随机抽样的方法,选取吉林市船营区、丰满区、蛟河市、永吉县小学、初中和高中各1所,共12所学校,包括7-18岁的中小学生,共9727人。利用体格测量与问卷调查相结合的方式,收集中小学生的基本信息和体检资料,对吉林市中小学生进行超重与肥胖的现状及体型的认知情况进行调查。问卷内容包括一般情况(姓名、性别、年龄、年级等)和对自己体型的认知情况等。体格测量指定学校校医两人一组(一人测量,一人记录)对学生的身高和体重进行测量。结果:1.吉林市中小学生总体超重率与肥胖率分别为15.9%和16.8%,超重与肥胖合计检出率为32.7%。性别方面:男生超重与肥胖率分别为19.2%和20.4%,合计39.6%,女生超重与肥胖率分别为12.6%和13.2%,合计25.8%,男生的超重与肥胖检出率高于女生;超重与肥胖检出率随年龄的增长总体呈现下降趋势。学校类型方面:小学超重率为15.3%,肥胖率为19.9%,合计35.2%,初中超重率为16.9%,肥胖率为16.1%,合计33.0%,高中超重率为15.5%,肥胖率为13.3%,合计29.0%,超重与肥胖的检出率随年级的上升呈现下降趋势。地区方面:城市学生超重率为33.8%,肥胖率为37.9%,合计71.6%,农村学生超重率为29.5%,肥胖率为28.6%,合计58.2%,与农村相比,城市学生的超重与肥胖检出率较高。2.吉林市中小学生营养不良检出率(即消瘦检出率)为4.9%,男女生营养不良检出率均为4.9%。经卡方检验,中小学生营养不良检出率在年龄、学校、城乡中有显著性差异。随着年龄的增加,营养不良率整体呈升高趋势;从不同学段学生的营养状况来看,高中学生营养不良率检出率显著高于初中学生和小学生;农村学生营养不良检出率高于城市学生。3.经Kappa一致性检验结果显示,吉林市中小学生体型自我评价与BMI评价有显著性差异。Kappa0.4,说明中小学生体型自我评价与BMI评价的一致性较差,吉林市中小学生群体中存在着体型认知的偏移。大约65.5%学生能够做出正确的判断,但仍有34.5%的学生错误地估计了自己的体型,其中29.6%的学生低估了自己的体型,4.9%的学生高估自己的体型。男女生在体型认知上存在差异。女生比男生更能准确地评价自己的体型,但女生易高估自己的体型,而男生相对来说易低估自己的体型;年龄大的学生比年龄小的学生更能准确地评价自己的体型;农村学生比城市学生更能准确地评价自己的体型,但城市中小学生更易低估自己的体型,而农村中小学生更易高估自己的体型。结论:1.吉林市中小学生超重与肥胖检出率较高,是该群体突出的健康问题,男生的超重与肥胖检出率高于女生,随年龄的增长,超重与肥胖检出率总体呈现下降趋势。城市的学生超重与肥胖检出率高于农村。2.与吉林市中小学生超重与肥胖的检出率相比,该群体营养不良检出率相对较低,但随年龄的增长,中小学生的营养不良检出率呈逐渐上升趋势,所以,在儿童青少年超重与肥胖全面流行的同时,营养不良仍然是不容忽视的健康问题。3.吉林市中小学生体型自我评价与BMI评价的一致性较差,存在着明显的偏移,女生易高估自己的体型,高年级学生易高估自己的体型,农村学生易高估自己的体型,在一致率方面,女生高于男生,高年级学生高于低年级学生,城市学生高于农村学生。
[Abstract]:Objective: This study based on the survey of the Jilin urban and rural primary and middle school students in all grades of body height and weight and cognitive investigation, grasp the Jilin primary and middle school students' overweight and obesity prevalence, consistency analysis and BMI type self evaluation, in-depth analysis of the main causes of primary and middle school students overweight and obesity and type of cognitive bias and the problems, put forward suggestions, provide a reference for the relevant departments to establish and perfect the intervention measures. Methods: stratified and cluster random sampling method, selected Jilin City, Chuanying District, Jiaohe City, Fengman District, Yongji County primary school, junior high school and senior high school in 1, a total of 12 schools, including primary and secondary students at the age of 7-18, a total of 9727 people. The use of physical measurement and questionnaire survey method of combining basic information and medical information collection of primary and secondary school students, students in Jilin were overweight and obesity status To investigate the cognition and body. The contents of the questionnaire included the general information (name, gender, age, grade, etc.) and on their size. The cognition of physical measurement of specified school doctors in a group of two (one measurement, one record) on students' height and weight were measured. Results: the overall prevalence of overweight and 1. students in Jilin city and the rate of obesity were 15.9% and 16.8%, overweight and obesity prevalence rate of 32.7%. gender: male overweight and obesity rates were 19.2% and 20.4%, a total of 39.6% girls, overweight and obesity rates were 12.6% and 13.2%, a total of 25.8% overweight and obese boys was higher than girls; overweight and the obesity rate decreased with the increase of age. The overall school types: Primary School overweight rate was 15.3% and the obesity rate was 19.9%, a total of 35.2% junior high school, overweight rate was 16.9% and the obesity rate was 16.1%, total 33%, overweight high school The rate is 15.5%, obesity rate was 13.3%, total 29%, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with grade decreased. Area: the city students overweight rate was 33.8% and the obesity rate was 37.9%, a total of 71.6% rural students, the overweight rate was 29.5%, the obesity rate was 28.6%, a total of 58.2%, compared with rural areas, overweight obesity and high detection rate.2. city students in primary and middle school students in Jilin the prevalence of malnutrition (i.e., weight loss rate was 4.9%), and the detection rate of malnutrition was 4.9%. by chi square test of malnutrition incidence in the age of the school, there are significant differences in urban and rural areas. With the increase of age. The overall rate of malnutrition was increased; the nutritional status of students from high school students to see, the malnutrition rate was significantly higher than the detection rate of junior middle school students and primary school students; students in rural areas the prevalence of malnutrition is higher than city students by.3. Kappa The consistency of test results show that the BMI and the Jilin City elementary and middle school students body self evaluation had significant difference.Kappa0.4 showed poor consistency with BMI in primary and middle school students self evaluation form, there is a shift type cognitive groups of schoolchildren in Jilin city. About 65.5% students can make a correct judgment, but there are still 34.5% of the students the error estimation of the body, 29.6% of them underestimate their own size, 4.9% of the students overestimated their body size. In the shape of male and female students cognitive differences. Girls can accurately evaluate their body more than boys, but girls easily overestimate their own size, while boys relatively easy to underestimate their own size; the older students than younger students can more accurately evaluate their shape; rural students can accurately evaluate their body more than city students, but students in the city It is easy to underestimate their own size, while the rural primary and middle school students are more likely to overestimate their size. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students in Jilin city 1. higher detection rate, is the prominent health problem group, overweight and obese boys was higher than girls, with age, overweight and obesity rate decreased overweight and obesity. The detection rate is higher than that of.2. city rural primary and middle school students in Jilin and the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to the malnutrition rate is relatively low, but with the increase of age, students malnutrition rate increased gradually, so, in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents comprehensive popular at the same time, malnutrition is still poor consistency and BMI can not be ignored in primary and middle school students' health problems in Jilin city.3. type self evaluation evaluation, there are obvious shift, girls will overestimate the self In terms of body size, senior students tend to overestimate their body shape. Rural students tend to overestimate their body shape. In terms of coherence rate, girls are higher than boys, and senior students are higher than those of lower grades. Urban students are higher than rural students.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R723.14;R181.3

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