湖南省育龄妇女对出生缺陷相关的知识、态度、行为的调查研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 13:36

本文选题：出生缺陷　切入点：育龄妇女　出处：《南华大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：了解湖南省育龄妇女掌握出生缺陷和优生知识的水平、对此的态度及相关的行为，了解其对预防出生缺陷服务的相关需求状况及相关评价，从而为本省进一步改进和提高预防出生缺陷服务质量、制定优生优育服务策略以及出生缺陷干预措施的整体方案提供科学依据。方法：本研究通过多阶抽样和随机抽样法，在湖南省有代表性的5个市州内抽取50个社区或行政村，再从中随机抽出4575名18~45岁并在当地居住5年以上的育龄妇女作为调查对象，采用自行设计的调查表，进行面对面的问卷调查，了解育龄妇女对出生缺陷相关的知识、态度、行为（KAP）情况。所获数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件建立数据库并进行分析，采用描述性统计分析、t检验、方差分析等方法对数据进行统计分析。结果： 1.共发放问卷4800份，回收有效问卷4575份，问卷有效率95.31%。 2.湖南省育龄妇女对预防出生缺陷相关知识平均得分10.61±3.405，其中57.9%不及格、35.8%及格、6.3%良好。不同年龄组育龄妇女的出生缺陷知识得分差异有统计学意义（F=50.028，p=0.000），其中以40岁以上年龄组平均得分最低；不同婚育状况育龄妇女知识得分差异有统计学意义（F=5.185，p=0.006），其中以未婚育龄妇女平均得分最高；不同文化程度育龄妇女知识得分差异有统计学意义（F=195.618, p=0.000），，随着文化程度的增高其平均得分呈增高的趋势；不同职业育龄妇女知识得分情况不全相同（F=90.594, p=0.000），其中医务人员组得分最高，其次是商业服务人员组、学生组、教师、公务人员及职员组，工人组居第三位，其他职业者居第四位，农民组得分最低；城市与农村育龄妇女知识得分差异有统计学意义（t=126.85，p=0.000），城市组得分高于农村组。 3.湖南省育龄妇女对预防出生缺陷具体服务项目的认同率较高，均在68%以上，其态度与掌握出生缺陷知识的水平基本一致，对优生服务有着较高的需求；其优生知识主要来源于电视、广播（61.0%）、亲朋好友处（45.5%）、报纸、杂志、书籍（45.6%）及上网搜索（36.3%）；其期望获取知识的途径除以上四项主要还有优生咨询（50.2%）、优生知识培训（41.3%）、社区板报、宣传栏（33.3%）及纸质宣传资料（35.5%）；接受过优生咨询及相关的技术服务的调查对象对服务质量的评价不高，满意度仅32.0%。 4.已婚及已育育龄妇女做婚前、产前医学检查的比例偏低，分别为61.8%与73.5%；参加新婚知识或优生知识学习的比例较低（38.5%）。结论： 1.湖南省育龄妇女对预防出生缺陷相关知识掌握不够，整体水平低于其他部分地区调查结果； 2.育龄妇女优生知识的主要获取途径为电视广播、书报杂志、网络及亲友处； 3.年龄、职业、文化程度及城乡差别都是育龄妇女出生缺陷知识水平的影响因素。
[Abstract]:Objective:. To understand the level of knowledge of birth defects and eugenics among women of childbearing age in Hunan Province, and their attitudes and related behaviors, and to understand their needs for services for the prevention of birth defects and their related evaluation. It provides scientific basis for further improving and improving the quality of birth defect prevention service, formulating eugenic and eugenic service strategy and the overall plan of birth defect intervention in our province. Methods:. Through multi-stage sampling and random sampling, 50 communities or administrative villages were selected from 5 representative cities in Hunan Province, and 4575 women of childbearing age who were 1845 years old and lived there for more than 5 years were randomly selected as the subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of women of childbearing age in relation to birth defects. The data were established and analyzed by SPSS13.0 software. Descriptive statistical analysis and variance analysis were used to analyze the data. Results:. 1. A total of 4800 questionnaires were sent out and 4575 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective rate of questionnaires was 95.31. 2. The average score of knowledge about prevention of birth defects among women of childbearing age in Hunan Province was 10.61 卤3.405, of which 57.9% failed 35.8% and 6.3% were good. There were significant differences in the scores of knowledge about birth defects among women of different age groups. The average score of the upper age group was the lowest; The scores of knowledge of women of different marriage and childbearing age were significantly different (P < 0.05), and the average score of unmarried women of childbearing age was the highest. The differences of knowledge scores among women of different educational levels were statistically significant (P < 0.05). With the increase of education level, the average scores of knowledge scores of women of different educational levels were increased, and the scores of knowledge scores of women of different occupational age were not all the same (90.594, p0. 000), among which the medical staff group had the highest score. The second was business service group, student group, teacher, public servant and staff group, the worker group was the third, the other occupation group was the fourth, and the farmer group had the lowest score. The difference of knowledge score between urban and rural women was statistically significant, and the score of urban group was higher than that of rural group. 3. Hunan women of childbearing age have a higher recognition rate of specific services for the prevention of birth defects, all of which are above 68%. Their attitude is basically consistent with the level of knowledge of birth defects, and there is a higher demand for eugenic services. Its eugenic knowledge mainly comes from television, radio, 61.0, relatives and friends, newspapers, magazines, books, etc.) and Internet search. Besides the above four main ways to acquire knowledge, there are also eugenic counseling, eugenics training, eugenic knowledge training, and community boards. Propaganda column 33.3) and paper propaganda materials were 35.50.The survey subjects who had received eugenic counseling and related technical services were not high in the evaluation of service quality, and their satisfaction was only 32.0. 4. The proportion of prenatal medical examination for married and fertile women before marriage was low, 61.8% and 73.5%, respectively, and the proportion of taking part in the study of newlyweds or eugenics was 38.5%. Conclusion:. 1. Hunan women of childbearing age do not have enough knowledge about the prevention of birth defects, and the overall level is lower than that of other regions; 2. The main access to eugenics knowledge of women of childbearing age is television broadcasting, books, newspapers and magazines, the Internet and relatives and friends; 3. Age, occupation, education level and difference between urban and rural areas are all factors influencing the knowledge level of birth defects in women of childbearing age.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R174

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